Translation Standards of Scientific and Technical Terms in the Context of Multimodal Big Data:Terminology Translation about COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

Abstract:

Scientific and technical terminology translation plays an important role in global trade and sci-tech communication. Problems arise of mistranslation, nonstandardization and inconsistency, such as problems from an online dictionary, machine translation engines and an online encyclopedia in their different versions of term translation. Translation standards of scientific and technical terminology can be integrated into context of multimodal big data as an applicable theoretical modal. Based on some authoritative specifications, Chinese and international standards and studies of terminology translation standards, translation standards of scientific and technical terminology can be summarized as faithfulness, conciseness, consistency and standardization. Context of multimodal big data means that terms can be communicated through multimodal context of texts, pictures, and webpages, etc. and the Internet has intertextuality of the multimodal context. A case study is conducted of translation standardization for scientific and technical terms about COCID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 to explore their usage in scenarios like popular science and research articles, based on the intertextuality of multimodal context in webpages, databases, texts and pictures etc. More comprehensive Chinese-English standardized terminology translations are summarized in accordance with terminology translation standards, including preferred terms, full terms, obsolete terms and simplified terms etc., and English writing of full terms and simplified terms in academic English are demonstrated for the reference of Chinese-English translation. This study can illuminate terminology standardization including quality improvement of terminology translation for online dictionaries and machine translation engines, and strategies for standardizing scientific and technical terms.

Key words: translation standards of scientific and technical terms, context of multimodal big data, translation of terms about COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, online dictionary, online encyclopedia, machine translation, standardization of scientific and technical terms

CLC Number: (翻译学)

ZENG Jiangxia. Translation Standards of Scientific and Technical Terms in the Context of Multimodal Big Data:Terminology Translation about COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2[J]. China Terminology, 2020, 22(5): 33-41.

Figures/Tables 5

References 25

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	有道词典	百度翻译	谷歌翻译	百度百科
新型冠状病毒肺炎	novel coronavirus pneumonia, NCP, COVID-19	Novel coronavirus pneumonia(通用/生医) 【重点词汇:coronavirus】	Coronavirus disease 【谷歌搜索提示:新型冠状病毒肺炎COVID-19】	新型冠状病毒肺炎(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19),简称“新冠肺炎”。
新冠肺炎	COVID-19	COVID-19(通用)/New crown pneumonia (生医) 【重点词汇:pneumonia; pulmonitis】	Coronavirus disease	新型冠状病毒肺炎(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19),简称“新冠肺炎”。
新型冠状病毒	novel coronavirus	novel coronavirus(通用)/ SARS-CoV(生医) 【简明释义:SARS-CoV; sars; coronavirus; Novel coronavirus】	novel coronavirus 【谷歌搜索提示:新型冠状病毒肺炎COVID-19】	2019新型冠状病毒,2020年1月12日,世界卫生组织正式将其命名为2019-nCoV。【附:外文名2019-nCoV、SARS-CoV-2】
新冠病毒	novel coronavirus	novel coronavirus(通用)/ Neocoronavirus(生医) 【重点词汇:病毒 virus ; inframicrobe】	coronavirus
附:知网词典(https://cidian.cnki.net/cidian/XG_Link)附加了“新冠病毒疫情防控相关词汇”相关表达为“2019新型冠状病毒2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)”。

	有道词典	百度翻译	谷歌翻译	百度百科
新型冠状病毒肺炎	novel coronavirus pneumonia, NCP, COVID-19	Novel coronavirus pneumonia(通用/生医) 【重点词汇:coronavirus】	Coronavirus disease 【谷歌搜索提示:新型冠状病毒肺炎COVID-19】	新型冠状病毒肺炎(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19),简称“新冠肺炎”。
新冠肺炎	COVID-19	COVID-19(通用)/New crown pneumonia (生医) 【重点词汇:pneumonia; pulmonitis】	Coronavirus disease	新型冠状病毒肺炎(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19),简称“新冠肺炎”。
新型冠状病毒	novel coronavirus	novel coronavirus(通用)/ SARS-CoV(生医) 【简明释义:SARS-CoV; sars; coronavirus; Novel coronavirus】	novel coronavirus 【谷歌搜索提示:新型冠状病毒肺炎COVID-19】	2019新型冠状病毒,2020年1月12日,世界卫生组织正式将其命名为2019-nCoV。【附:外文名2019-nCoV、SARS-CoV-2】
新冠病毒	novel coronavirus	novel coronavirus(通用)/ Neocoronavirus(生医) 【重点词汇:病毒 virus ; inframicrobe】	coronavirus
附:知网词典(https://cidian.cnki.net/cidian/XG_Link)附加了“新冠病毒疫情防控相关词汇”相关表达为“2019新型冠状病毒2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)”。

检索词	篇数	示范(标题或/和摘要划线部分显示术语)
SARS-CoV-2	14 333	标题:The ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in Minas Gerais, Brazil: insights from epidemiological data and SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing.
COVID-19	41 797	标题:Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer Clinical Trials.
Coronavirus and novel coronavirus	5 628	标题:Gemcitabine, lycorine and oxysophoridine inhibit novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in cell culture.
COVID-19 and Coronavirus disease 2019	10 456	标题:Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study 摘要:(Background)Since December, 2019, Wuhan, China, has experienced an outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

检索词	篇数	示范(标题或/和摘要划线部分显示术语)
SARS-CoV-2	14 333	标题:The ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in Minas Gerais, Brazil: insights from epidemiological data and SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing.
COVID-19	41 797	标题:Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer Clinical Trials.
Coronavirus and novel coronavirus	5 628	标题:Gemcitabine, lycorine and oxysophoridine inhibit novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in cell culture.
COVID-19 and Coronavirus disease 2019	10 456	标题:Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study 摘要:(Background)Since December, 2019, Wuhan, China, has experienced an outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

术语	汉语	英语	英语命名过程备注
新冠肺炎相关表达	新型冠状病毒肺炎/新冠肺炎/2019新型冠状病毒肺炎(科普场景) 2019新型冠状病毒病(学术场景)	Coronavirus disease 2019(通常在学术场景),COVID-19(学术和科普场景) 曾称:2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease(2019-nCoV 急性呼吸疾病); 新型冠状病毒肺炎/新冠肺炎(novel coronavirus pneumonia, NCP);	WHO在2020年1月30日暂命名2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease,在2020年2月11日正式命名COVID-19。中国国家卫健委2月8日发布暂命名novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP),2月21日修订为COVID-19。
新冠病毒相关表达	新型冠状病毒/新冠病毒(科普场景) 严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(学术场景)	novel coronavirus/ the COVID-19 virus/coronavirus (科普场合)// severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)(全称和简称学术场景,科普场景也可用SARS-CoV-2) 曾称: 2019-nCoV(2019新型冠状病毒)	WHO在2020年1月30暂命名2019-nCoV。 ICTV-CSG于2020年2月11日正式命名severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)。在科普场合有时用上位概念coronavirus 指代新冠病毒,通常在标题中。