How to Accurately Express the Nomenclature of Traditional Chinese Medicines

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8578.2019.02.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Variable nomenclature of traditional Chinese medicines(TCM)causes confusion, especially when scientific reports have to be interpreted in relation to a TCM herb or using drug safely in clinical trials. Semitransparent translation cases from journals in TCM herbal nomenclature can be classified as the following aspects: homonym, synonyms, similar spellings, multiple botanical origins of a drug with overlapping names, mistranslation between Chinese and English, and conflicting name standards. Transparency and accuracy of nomenclature were elucidated by a couple of examples. we concluded that high quality of scientific reports related to a TCM herb or herbs can be achieved only when TCM herbs are appropriately provided with the corresponding Chinese Materia Medica(CMM)names according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Latin scientific names, along with Chinese pinyin, vernacular names, and proper English names.

Key words: traditional Chinese medicines, nomenclature, Latin scientific names, CMM names

CLC Number: (中国医学)

DAN Yang, LIU Jian, PENG Yong. How to Accurately Express the Nomenclature of Traditional Chinese Medicines[J]. China Terminology, 2019, 21(2): 32-41.

Figures/Tables 3

References 33

[1]	Chan K, Shaw D, Simmonds M S, et al. Good practice in reviewing and publishing studies on herbal medicine, with special emphasis on traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese materia medica[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2012 (140):469-475.
[2]	国家药典委员会. 中华人民共和国药典[M]. 北京: 中国医药科技出版社, 2015.
[3]	ISO/TC 249. Traditional Chinese medicine—Vocabulary—Part 1: Chinese Materia Medica:ISO 18662-1:2017(en)[S/OL]. [2018-04-29].https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18662:-1:ed-1:v1:en.
[4]	张永泰. 中医出版物中药名规范小议[J]. 编辑学报, 2007,19(3):183-184.
[5]	冯其华. 中药学图书编辑加工中应注意的问题[J]. 出版参考, 2014(1):26.
[6]	常见中药名称不规范或易错写法. [J] 中国当代医药.2012,19(1):137.
[7]	刘仁涌, 秦昕, 曹霞, 等. 中药名称在科技文章中的外文著录辨析[J]. 中国科技期刊研究, 2009,20(5):944-947.
[8]	赵中玮. 中药命名规律分析[J]. 西部中医药, 2012,25(10):28-30.
[9]	中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志[M]. 北京: 科学出版社,2004.
[10]	侯学谦, 祝婉芳, 曲玮, 等. 枸杞化学成分及药理活性研究进展[J]. 海峡药学,2016,28(8):1-7 .
[11]	赵龙坡, 徐铮, 张梅, 等. 枸杞、黄芪对大鼠睾丸支持细胞功能的影响[J]. 中华男科学杂志,2007,13(1):82-86.
[12]	国家药典委员会. 中华人民共和国药典[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2005.
[13]	徐常青, 刘赛, 徐荣, 等. 我国枸杞主产区生产现状调研及建议[J]. 中国中药杂志,2014,39(11):1979-1984.
[14]	Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia[EB/OL].[2018-11-10].https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goji.
[15]	Zhou Z Q, Xiao J, Fan H X. Polyphenols from wolfberry and their bioactivities[J]. Food Chemistry, 2017,214:644-654. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.105 URL pmid: 27507521
[16]	Qian D, Yang J, Kang L P, et al. Variation of sweet chemicals in different ripening stages of wolfberry fruits[J]. Chinese Herbal Medicines, 2017,9(4):329-334. doi: 10.1016/S1674-6384(17)60112-6 URL
[17]	He N W, Yang X B, Liao Y D, et al. Characterisation of antioxidant and antiproliferative acidic polysaccharides from Chinese wolfberry fruits[J]. Food Chemistry, 2012,133(3):978-989. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.018 URL
[18]	Amgase H, Farnsworth N R. A review of botanical characteristics, phytochemistry, clinical relevance in efficacy and safety of Lycium barbarum fruit (Goji)[J]. Food Research International, 2011,44(7):1702-1717. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.03.027 URL
[19]	Yeh Y C, Hahm T S, Sabliov C M, et al. Effects of Chinese wolfberry (Lycium chinense P. Mill.) leaf hydrolysates on the growth of Pediococcus acidilactici[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2008,99(5):1383-1393. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.058 URL pmid: 17383176
[20]	张自萍, 史晓文, 曹丽华, 等. 枸杞品质及其与土壤肥力关系的研究[J]. 中草药,2008,39(8):1238-1242.
[21]	枸杞goji berry[EB/OL]. [2017-01-15]. http://www.ryedu.net/syy/hyyy/201701/53834.html.
[22]	Nortier J L, Vanherweghem J L. Renal interstitial fibrosis and urothelial carcinoma associated with the use of a Chinese herb (Aristolochia fangchi)[J]. Toxicology,2002,27: 181-182,577-580.
[23]	Haller C A, Dyer J E, Ko R, et al. Making a diagnosis of herbal-related toxic hepatitis[J]. Western Journal of Medicine, 2002,176:39-44. doi: 10.1136/ewjm.176.1.39 URL pmid: 11788538
[24]	Chan P, Tomlinson B. Antioxidant effects of Chinese traditional medicine: focus on trilinolein isolated from the Chinese herb sanchi (Panax pseudoginseng)[J]. Clinical Pharmacology, 2000,40(5):457-461.
[25]	左应梅, 杨维泽, 杨天梅, 等. 干旱胁迫下4种人参属植物抗性生理指标的比较[J]. 作物杂志,2016 (3):84-88.
[26]	潘跃芝, 张亦弛, 龚洵, 等. 4种人参属植物基因组大小的测定[J]. 植物分类与资源学报, 2014(2):233-236. doi: 10.7677/ynzwyj201413084 URL
[27]	高珊, 郭月秋, 刘斯亮. 现时金银花与山银花比较鉴别分析[J]. 中国医药科学, 2017,7(1):152-154.
[28]	Li B G, Zhou J, Chen J Z, et al. Experimental study on cultivation of Yellow Yam(Dioscorea panthaica): Effects of cultivation methods on tuber production and diosgenin content[J]. Natural Product Research and Development, 1999(4):786.
[29]	Gan H M, Triassi A J, Wheatley M S, et al. High-quality draft whole-genome sequences of three strains of Enterobacter isolated from Jamaican Dioscorea cayenensis (Yellow Yam)[J]. Genome Announcements, 2014,2(2):e00170-14. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00170-14 URL pmid: 24625871
[30]	Zhang L H, Yao C B, Li H Q. Effects of extract F of red-rooted Salvia on mucosal lesions of gastric corpus and antrum induced by hemorrhagic shock-reperfusion in rats[J]. Journal of Gastroenterology, 2001,7(5):672-677.
[31]	王玲, 邹爽. 目的论视角下中药名英译的问题及翻译策略分析[J]. 湖北中医药大学学报, 2013,15(6):72-73.
[32]	赵霞. 现代中药药名的英译策略探析[J]. 中国中医基础医学杂志, 2017,23(7):1014-1019.
[33]	Peng J J, Li D X, Huang J Y. Simultaneous determina-tion of saponins in Dripping Pills made from Astragali Radix and Panax notoginseng by UPLC-ELSD[J]. Chinese Herbal Medicines, 2017,9(3):267-274. doi: 10.1016/S1674-6384(17)60103-5 URL

法定药材名	拼音	药材拉丁名	植物来源
人参	Renshen	Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma	五加科植物Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.
人参叶	Renshenye	Ginseng Folium	五加科植物Panax ginseng叶
红参	Hongshen	Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra	五加科植物Panax ginseng的栽培品经蒸后的干燥根和根茎
珠子参	Zhuzishen	Panacis Majoris Rhizoma	五加科植物珠子参Panax japonicus C.A.Mey.var. major(Burk.) C.Y.Wu et K.M. Feng或羽叶三七Panax japonicus C.A.Mey.var. bipinnatifidus (Seem.) C.Y.We et K.M.Feng的干燥根茎
竹节参^*	Zhujieshen	Panacis Japonici Rhizoma	五加科植物竹节参Panax japonicus C.A.Mey.的干燥根茎
党参	Dangshen	Codonopsis Radix	桔梗科植物党参Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf.、素花党参Codonopsis pilosula var.modesta (Nannf.) L.T.Shen或川党参Codonopsis tangshen Oliv的干燥根
南沙参	Nanshashen	Adenophorae Radix	桔梗科植物轮叶沙参Adenophorate tetraphylla (Thunb.)Fisch.或沙参Adenophora stricta Miq.的干燥根
北沙参	Beishashen	Glehniae Radix	伞形科植物珊瑚菜Glehnia littoralis Fr.Schmidt ex Miq.的干燥根
明党参	Mingdangshen	Changii Radix	伞形科植物明党参Changium smyrnioides Wolff的干燥根
丹参	Danshen	Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	唇形科鼠尾草属Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.的干燥根和根茎
太子参	Taizishen	Pseudostellariae Radix	石竹科植物孩儿参Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax ex Pax et Hoffm.的干燥块根
苦玄参	Kuxuanshen	Picriae Herba	玄参科植物苦玄参Picria fel-terrae Lour.的干燥全草干燥全草
玄参	Xuanshen	Scrophulariae Radix	玄参科植物玄参Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl的干燥根
拳参	Quanshen	Bistortae Rhizoma	蓼科植物拳参Polygonum historta L的干燥根茎
三七	Sanqi	Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma	五加科植物三七Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen的干燥根和根茎
西洋参^*	Xiyangshen	Panacis Quinquefolii Radix	五加科植物西洋参Panax quinquefolius L.的干燥根

法定药材名	拼音	药材拉丁名	植物来源
人参	Renshen	Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma	五加科植物Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.
人参叶	Renshenye	Ginseng Folium	五加科植物Panax ginseng叶
红参	Hongshen	Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra	五加科植物Panax ginseng的栽培品经蒸后的干燥根和根茎
珠子参	Zhuzishen	Panacis Majoris Rhizoma	五加科植物珠子参Panax japonicus C.A.Mey.var. major(Burk.) C.Y.Wu et K.M. Feng或羽叶三七Panax japonicus C.A.Mey.var. bipinnatifidus (Seem.) C.Y.We et K.M.Feng的干燥根茎
竹节参^*	Zhujieshen	Panacis Japonici Rhizoma	五加科植物竹节参Panax japonicus C.A.Mey.的干燥根茎
党参	Dangshen	Codonopsis Radix	桔梗科植物党参Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf.、素花党参Codonopsis pilosula var.modesta (Nannf.) L.T.Shen或川党参Codonopsis tangshen Oliv的干燥根
南沙参	Nanshashen	Adenophorae Radix	桔梗科植物轮叶沙参Adenophorate tetraphylla (Thunb.)Fisch.或沙参Adenophora stricta Miq.的干燥根
北沙参	Beishashen	Glehniae Radix	伞形科植物珊瑚菜Glehnia littoralis Fr.Schmidt ex Miq.的干燥根
明党参	Mingdangshen	Changii Radix	伞形科植物明党参Changium smyrnioides Wolff的干燥根
丹参	Danshen	Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma	唇形科鼠尾草属Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.的干燥根和根茎
太子参	Taizishen	Pseudostellariae Radix	石竹科植物孩儿参Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax ex Pax et Hoffm.的干燥块根
苦玄参	Kuxuanshen	Picriae Herba	玄参科植物苦玄参Picria fel-terrae Lour.的干燥全草干燥全草
玄参	Xuanshen	Scrophulariae Radix	玄参科植物玄参Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl的干燥根
拳参	Quanshen	Bistortae Rhizoma	蓼科植物拳参Polygonum historta L的干燥根茎
三七	Sanqi	Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma	五加科植物三七Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen的干燥根和根茎
西洋参^*	Xiyangshen	Panacis Quinquefolii Radix	五加科植物西洋参Panax quinquefolius L.的干燥根

植物名	别名	来源植物
秀丽假人参		Panax pseudo-ginseng Wall. var. elegantior (Burkill) Hoo et Tseng
羽叶三七^*	纽子三七,复羽裂参,羽叶竹节参,黄连三七,羽叶珠子参	Panax pseudo-ginseng Wall. var. bipinnatifidus (Seem.) Li
越南人参^[25]	越南三七^[26]	Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.
屏边三七		Panax stipuleanatus C.T.Tsai et K.M.Feng
狭叶假人参		Panax pseudo-ginseng Wall. var. angustifolus (Burkill) Li
假人参		Panax pseudoginseng Wall.
姜状三七		Panax zingiberensis C.Y.Wu et K.M.Feng
大叶三七	竹节参,竹节三七,扣子七,钮子七	Panax pseudo-ginseng Wall. var. japonicus (C.A.Mey.) Hoo et Tseng

植物名	别名	来源植物
秀丽假人参		Panax pseudo-ginseng Wall. var. elegantior (Burkill) Hoo et Tseng
羽叶三七^*	纽子三七,复羽裂参,羽叶竹节参,黄连三七,羽叶珠子参	Panax pseudo-ginseng Wall. var. bipinnatifidus (Seem.) Li
越南人参^[25]	越南三七^[26]	Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.
屏边三七		Panax stipuleanatus C.T.Tsai et K.M.Feng
狭叶假人参		Panax pseudo-ginseng Wall. var. angustifolus (Burkill) Li
假人参		Panax pseudoginseng Wall.
姜状三七		Panax zingiberensis C.Y.Wu et K.M.Feng
大叶三七	竹节参,竹节三七,扣子七,钮子七	Panax pseudo-ginseng Wall. var. japonicus (C.A.Mey.) Hoo et Tseng

法定药材名	药用部位	基原植物
片姜黄 Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum	根茎	温郁金 Curcuma wenyujin
姜黄 Curcumae Longae Rhizoma	根茎		姜黄 Curcuma longa
郁金 Curcumae Radix	块根	温郁金(温郁金)	姜黄(黄丝郁金)	广西莪术Curcuma kwangsiensis(桂郁金)	蓬莪术Curcuma phaeocaulis(绿丝郁金)
莪术 Curcumae Rhizoma	根茎	温郁金(温莪术)		广西莪术(广西莪术)	蓬莪术(蓬莪术)