ISO、IEC和ITU-T智慧城市定义分析

doi:10.12339/j.issn.1673-8578.2021.04.010

中国科技术语 ›› 2021, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 65-79.doi: 10.12339/j.issn.1673-8578.2021.04.010

• • 上一篇

ISO、IEC和ITU-T智慧城市定义分析

安小米^1-2(), 魏玮³, 闵京华⁴

1.中国人民大学信息资源管理学院,北京 100872
2.中国人民大学数据工程与知识工程教育部重点实验室,北京 100872
3.中国人民大学智慧城市研究中心,北京 100872
4.中电长城网际系统应用有限公司,北京 100097

收稿日期:2021-02-27 修回日期:2021-06-06 出版日期:2021-10-05 发布日期:2021-09-29
通讯作者: 安小米 E-mail:anxiaomi@ruc.edu.cn
作者简介:安小米(1965—),女,教授,IEC智慧城市系统委员会术语工作组召集人及其主席顾问组委员,ISO/IEC JTC 1/WG 11智慧城市工作组注册专家及其智慧城市的数据利用任务组召集人,IEC-ISO-ITU-T智慧城市通用任务联合工作组委员,IEC/TC 1/JPT 3(系统、智慧和数字转型)术语标准联合项目负责人之一,ISO/TC 46/SC 11主席顾问组委员及其术语任务负责人,ISO/TC 268/SC 1/WG 4智慧城市基础设施数据共享与交换工作组注册专家。通信方式: anxiaomi@ruc.edu.cn。
魏玮(1988—),男,中国人民大学信息资源管理学院博士研究生,IEC智慧城市系统委员会术语工作组注册专家,ISO/TC 268/SC 1/WG 4智慧城市基础设施数据共享与交换工作组注册专家。
WEI Wei(1988—), Male, Ph.D. Student of Renmin University of China, Member of IEC SyC Smart Cities WG 1, Member of ISO/TC 268/SC 1/WG 4.
闵京华(1961—),男,教授级高级工程师,IEC智慧城市系统委员会术语工作组注册专家,ISO/IEC JTC 1/WG 11智慧城市工作组注册专家及其智慧城市数据利用任务组成员,ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27信息安全和网络空间安全与隐私保护分委员会、SC 42人工智能分委员会、WG 13可信赖工作组和AG 8系统集成的元参考架构和参考架构咨询组注册专家,ITU-T SG 17安全研究组注册专家。
MIN Jinghua(1961—), Male, Professor of engineering, Member of IEC SyC Smart Cities/WG 1; Member of ISO/IEC JTC 1/WG 11 and its Data Use in Smart City Task Force; Member of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27, SC 42, WG 13 and AG 8; Member of ITU-T SG 17.
基金资助:
中国人民大学重大项目“政府大数据治理与综合利用的标准化协同管理体系构建与应用研究”研究成果之一(21XNL019)

Analysis of Smart City Definitions from ISO, IEC, ITU-T

AN Xiaomi^1-2(), WEI Wei³, MIN Jinghua⁴

1. Information Resource Management School, Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872
2. Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering (RUC), Ministry of Education,Beijing 100872
3. Smart City Research Centre (RUC), Beijing 100872
4. China Electronic Cyberspace Great Wall Co., Ltd,Beijing 100097

Received:2021-02-27 Revised:2021-06-06 Online:2021-10-05 Published:2021-09-29
Contact: AN Xiaomi E-mail:anxiaomi@ruc.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

智慧城市定义是认识其知识单元和理解其本质特征、构建共识的基础。文章采用ISO 704:2009的理论框架,分析了ISO、IEC和ITU-T对智慧城市的定义,通过解构定义的智慧城市对象、利益相关方、涉及领域、智慧城市实现目标及愿景和实现路径,得出了三大国际标准化组织的智慧城市核心概念、概念关系和其认知视角,通过对三大标准化组织14位专家的问卷调查分析摸清了智慧城市核心概念的不同认知。基于系统方法和综合集成思想提出了多维度构建统一智慧城市定义的建议,为三大标准化组织智慧城市定义的标准化协同和融合提供了有效路径。

关键词: 智慧城市定义, 标准化协同, 共识构建, ISO, IEC, ITU-T

Abstract:

Smart city definition is the foundation for understanding its unit of knowledge and unique combination of characteristics for building shared understanding about smart city. Using ISO 704:2009 as theoretical support, we analyzed smart city definitions from ISO, IEC and ITU-T. Moreover, concepts in different definitions of smart city, and their characteristics in terms of smart city object, smart status of smart city, stakeholder’s concern about smart city, domain’s concern about smart city, visions and goals of smart city, approaches to and means of smart city are identified. Based on questionnaire survey about understandings about smart city concepts and their characteristics from 14 experts from ISO, IEC and ITU-T, we put forward unified definition for smart city from system of systems views and multi-dimensional meta-synthetic thinking about common or different characteristics. This paper provides an effective path for standardization collaboration and integration of smart city defined by the three standardization organizations.

Key words: smart city definitions, standards collaboration, consensus building, ISO, IEC, ITU-T

中图分类号:

TD213
TU984

安小米, 魏玮, 闵京华. ISO、IEC和ITU-T智慧城市定义分析[J]. 中国科技术语, 2021, 23(4): 65-79.

AN Xiaomi, WEI Wei, MIN Jinghua. Analysis of Smart City Definitions from ISO, IEC, ITU-T[J]. China Terminology, 2021, 23(4): 65-79.

图/表 10

参考文献 21

[1]	SAGER J C. Essays on Definition[D]. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Co, 2000.
[2]	SONG Y, AN X M. Analysis on the concepts and conceptual systems of smart city in International standards based on terminology definitions of ISO, ITU-T and IEC[J]. Standard Science, 2018 (1):127-132.
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[4]	RAMAPRASAD A, SÁNCHEZ-ORTIZ A, SYN T. A Unified Definition of a Smart City[C]//JANSSEN M, AXELSSON K, GLASSEY O, et al. International Conference on Electronic Government. Springer, Cham, 2017:13-24.
[5]	ISO 1087:2019, Terminology work and terminology science—Vocabulary[S]. Switzerland, 2019.
[6]	IEC 60050-831 ED1, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV)—Part 831: Smart city systems,6, November 2020 (SyCSmartCities/164/CD)
[7]	ISO 704:2009, Terminology work—Principles and methods[S]. Switzerland, 2009.
[8]	IEC SRD 63235:2021, Smart city system—Methodology for concepts building
[9]	ISO/IEC 30182:2017,Smart city concept model—Guidance for establishing a model for data interoperability[S]. Switzerland, 2017.
[10]	ISO/IEC TR 38502:2017,(en)Information technology—Governance of IT—Framework and model[S]. Switzerland, 2017.
[11]	ISO/IEC/IEEE 24748-1:2018 Systems and software engineering—Life cycle management—Part 1: Guidelines for life cycle management[S]. Switzerland, 2018.
[12]	ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017, Systems and software engineering—Vocabulary[S]. Switzerland, 2017.
[13]	ISO/IEC 16500-8:1999, Information technology—Generic digital audio-visual systems—Part 8: Management architecture and protocols[S]. Switzerland, 1999.
[14]	PAS 180:2014, Smart cities. Vocabulary[S]. Switzerland, 2014.
[15]	ISO/IEC TS 27570:2021, Privacy protection—Privacy guidelines for smart cities[S]. Switzerland, 2021.
[16]	ITU-T FG-DPM, Technical Specification D0. 1 Data processing and management for IoT and smart cities and communities: Vocabulary[S]. Switzerland, 2019.
[17]	IEC/ISO/ITU, Smart City Coordination Task Group: 2019 Draft White Paper: Suggested priority terms in need of common definitions to support standards activities for smart city[S]. Switzerland, 2019.
[18]	ITU-T Y. 1600 (06/2016) Overview of key performance indicators in smart sustainable cities[S]. Switzerland, 2016.
[19]	ITU-T Y. 4501(07/2019) Vocabulary for smart cities and communities[S]. Switzerland, 2019.
[20]	ISO 37122:2019, Sustainable cities and communities—Indicators for smart cities[S]. Switzerland, 2019.
[21]	ISO/IEC 30145-2:2020, Information technology—Smart city ICT reference framework—Part 2: Smart city knowledge management framework[S]. Switzerland, 2020.

Concepts	SDOs	ISO	IEC	ITU-T
Characteristics	SDOs	ISO	IEC	ITU-T
Characteristics in terms of stakeholder’s concern about smart city		citizen (D1, D3)	citizen (D4, D5)	present and future generation (D2)
Characteristics in terms of domain’s concern about smart city		built environment (D1) natural environment (D3)	city (D4, D5, D6) international standards and digital transformation(D5) electrotechnical systems and information technology(D6)	economic, social, environmental as well as cultural aspect (D2)
Characteristics in terms of smart object of smart city		integration of physical, digital and human systems (D1) city (D3)	city (D4, D5, D6)	city (D2)
Characteristics in terms of smart status of smart city		effective integration (D1) increases the pace (D3)	improvements accelerated (D4) self-organizing system(D5) digital transformation as digitally coordinated systems with its own pace(D5) improvements for services(D6)	innovative (D2)
Characteristics in terms of visions and goals of smart city		a sustainable, prosperous and inclusive future (D1) fundamentally improving (D3) provides social, economic and environmental sustainability outcomes and responds to challenges such as climate of change, rapid population growth, and political and economic instability, to deliver better services and quality of life(D3)	improvements in quality of life, services, sustainability and resilience (D4) repeatability and scalability of digital solutions (D5) systematically addressing concerns(D5) city services(D6)	improve quality of life, efficiency of urban operation and services, and competitiveness (D2)
Characteristics in terms of approaches to and means of smart city		effective integration of physical, digital and human systems(D1) engage society applies collaborative leadership methods, works across disciplines and city systems, and uses data information and modern technologies (D3)	by the effective integration of many and various types of physical, digital and social systems and the transformative use of data and technology (D4) internationally recognized metrics(D5) electrotechnical systems and information technology(D6)	information and communication technologies (ICTs) and other mean (D2)

Concepts	SDOs	ISO	IEC	ITU-T
Characteristics	SDOs	ISO	IEC	ITU-T
Characteristics in terms of stakeholder’s concern about smart city		citizen (D1, D3)	citizen (D4, D5)	present and future generation (D2)
Characteristics in terms of domain’s concern about smart city		built environment (D1) natural environment (D3)	city (D4, D5, D6) international standards and digital transformation(D5) electrotechnical systems and information technology(D6)	economic, social, environmental as well as cultural aspect (D2)
Characteristics in terms of smart object of smart city		integration of physical, digital and human systems (D1) city (D3)	city (D4, D5, D6)	city (D2)
Characteristics in terms of smart status of smart city		effective integration (D1) increases the pace (D3)	improvements accelerated (D4) self-organizing system(D5) digital transformation as digitally coordinated systems with its own pace(D5) improvements for services(D6)	innovative (D2)
Characteristics in terms of visions and goals of smart city		a sustainable, prosperous and inclusive future (D1) fundamentally improving (D3) provides social, economic and environmental sustainability outcomes and responds to challenges such as climate of change, rapid population growth, and political and economic instability, to deliver better services and quality of life(D3)	improvements in quality of life, services, sustainability and resilience (D4) repeatability and scalability of digital solutions (D5) systematically addressing concerns(D5) city services(D6)	improve quality of life, efficiency of urban operation and services, and competitiveness (D2)
Characteristics in terms of approaches to and means of smart city		effective integration of physical, digital and human systems(D1) engage society applies collaborative leadership methods, works across disciplines and city systems, and uses data information and modern technologies (D3)	by the effective integration of many and various types of physical, digital and social systems and the transformative use of data and technology (D4) internationally recognized metrics(D5) electrotechnical systems and information technology(D6)	information and communication technologies (ICTs) and other mean (D2)

Classification of characteristics	First level	Second level	Third level	Fourth level
Stakeholder concern	business··	customer··
	citizen**	future generation#
	citizen**	present generation#
	government··
Domain concern	city#	economic**
		digital	digital transformation·
			information technology·
			data & information∴
			electronical systems∴
		cultural*
		environmental**	built environment·
		environmental**	natural environment·
		social*	international standards*
		social*	coordinated & reflexive systems*
Means & approaches	society·	disciplines&city systems·
		recognized matric··
		collaborative leadership·
	modern technology·	use of data & information#
		electrotechnical systems∴
		ICT·
Smart object	integration of physical, digital & social systems**	community∴
		decision makers∴
		sustainability∴
Smart status	effective integration**	digital coordinated systems∴	pace increase∴
			self organizing systems∴
			learning & reflexive∴	innovative·
			improvements accelerated∴	services improvements*
Visions & goals	fundamental improvement∴	efficiency#
		quality of life#
		service#	city service·
		concerns addressing∴
	competitiveness·
	instability#
	livability & resilience∴
	repeatability & scalability∴

Classification of characteristics	First level	Second level	Third level	Fourth level
Stakeholder concern	business··	customer··
	citizen**	future generation#
	citizen**	present generation#
	government··
Domain concern	city#	economic**
		digital	digital transformation·
			information technology·
			data & information∴
			electronical systems∴
		cultural*
		environmental**	built environment·
		environmental**	natural environment·
		social*	international standards*
		social*	coordinated & reflexive systems*
Means & approaches	society·	disciplines&city systems·
		recognized matric··
		collaborative leadership·
	modern technology·	use of data & information#
		electrotechnical systems∴
		ICT·
Smart object	integration of physical, digital & social systems**	community∴
		decision makers∴
		sustainability∴
Smart status	effective integration**	digital coordinated systems∴	pace increase∴
			self organizing systems∴
			learning & reflexive∴	innovative·
			improvements accelerated∴	services improvements*
Visions & goals	fundamental improvement∴	efficiency#
		quality of life#
		service#	city service·
		concerns addressing∴
	competitiveness·
	instability#
	livability & resilience∴
	repeatability & scalability∴

Code	Definition	Source
D1	effective integration of physical, digital and human systems in the built environment to deliver a sustainable, prosperous and inclusive future for its citizens.	[9,14-17]
D2	a smart sustainable city is an innovative city that uses information and communication technologies (ICTs) and other means to improve quality of life, efficiency of urban operation and services, and competitiveness, while ensuring that it is meets the needs of present and future generations with respect to economic, social, environmental as well as cultural aspect”. NOTE 1: City competitiveness refers to policies, institutions, strategies and processes that determine the city’s sustainable productivity. NOTE 2: ‘Smart sustainable city’ is also called ‘smart city’ in some other SDOs	[18-19]
D3	City that increases the pace at which it provides social, economic and environmental sustainability outcomes and responds to challenges such as climate of change, rapid population growth, and political and economical instability by fundamentally improving how it engage society applies collaborative leadership methods, works across disciplines and city systems, and uses data information and modern technologies to deliver better services and quality of life to those in the city (residents, business, visitors), now and for foreseeable future, without unfair disadvantages of others or degradation of the natural environment	[20-21]
D3	NOTE 1: A smart city also faces the challenges of respecting planetary boundaries and taking into account the limitations these boundaries impose. NOTE 2: There are a numerous definitions of smart city; however, the definition that is used with TC268 is the official one agreed to by the ISO Technical Management Board	[20-21]
D4	city where improvements in quality of life, services, sustainability and resilience are accelerated by the effective integration of many and various types of physical, digital and social systems and the transformative use of data and technology Note 1 to entry: This is a general definition of a smart city. The IEC looks at these aspects from an electrotechnical perspective. Note 2 to entry: The effective integration of physical, digital and social systems requires the development and integration of digital twins of all these systems.	[6]831-01-26
D5	city which is systematically addressing concerns of citizens leveraging international standards and digital transformation Note 1 to entry: Typical citizens’ concerns are, by their nature, subjective, contradictory, partial and changing over the time. Such concerns form views representing how citizens see and perceive the city. Usually, different stakeholders (e.g. groups of citizen) may have different views on the same fragment or aspect of a city. Note 2 to entry: Any city (therefore any smart city) is a self-organising system thus it is able transforming itself. Note 3 to entry: The complexity of smart cities requires building them via digital transformation as digitally coordinated systems. Note 4 to entry: Each smart city is carrying out its digital transformation with its own pace. Note 5 to entry: The concept “digitally coordinated system” is critical for providing various smart cities with ready-to-deploy (standard) solutions which can be used (together with some local solutions) to create unique smart cities. Such digitally coordinated systems are qualified as repeatable. This feature is necessary to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 quickly and effectively because there are many cities and any making each of them smart in a different way would be very unsustainable. Note 6 to entry: International Standards are critical for repeatability and scalability of digital solutions for smart cities. Note 7 to entry: The shortest form of the definition of smart city is “city built as a digital system”. Note 8 to entry: Various improvements for citizens, business and administration can be quantified via internationally recognised metrics. Examples of such metrics are: https://www.doingbusiness.org/and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Liveability_Ranking.	From comments of National Body of Switzerland for [6]
D6	“City where electrotechnical systems and information technology are employed to improve city services.”	From comments of National Body of US for [6]

ISO、IEC和ITU-T智慧城市定义分析

Analysis of Smart City Definitions from ISO, IEC, ITU-T

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Code	Definition	Source
D1	effective (characteristics in terms of smart status of smart city) integration of physical, digital and human systems (characteristics in terms of smart object of smart city) in the built environment (characteristics in terms of domain’s concern about smart city) to deliver a sustainable, prosperous and inclusive future (characteristics in terms of vision and goals of smart city) for its citizens (characteristics in terms of stakeholders’ concerns about smart city).	[9,14-17]
D2	a smart sustainable city is an innovative (characteristics in terms of smart status of smart city) city (characteristics in terms of smart object of smart city) that uses information and communication technologies (ICTs) and other means (characteristics in terms of approaches to and means of smart city) to improve quality of life, efficiency of urban operation and services, and competitiveness (characteristics in terms of visions and goals of smart city), while ensuring that it is meets the needs of present and future generations (characteristics in terms of stakeholders’ concerns about smart city) with respect to economic, social, environmental as well as cultural aspect” (characteristics in terms of domain’s concerns about smart city). NOTE 1: City competitiveness refers to policies, institutions, strategies and processes that determine the city’s sustainable productivity. NOTE 2: ‘Smart sustainable city’ is also called ‘smart city’ in some other SDOs	[18-19]
D3	City (characteristics in terms of smart object of smart city) that increases the pace (characteristics in terms of smart status of smart city) at which it provides social, economic and environmental sustainability outcomes and responds to challenges such as climate of change, rapid population growth, and political and economical instability (characteristics in terms of visions and goals of smart city) by fundamentally improving how it engage society applies collaborative leadership methods, works across disciplines and city systems, and uses data information and modern technologies ( characteristics in terms of approaches to and means of smart city ) to deliver better services and quality of life (characteristics in terms of visions and goals ) to those in the city (residents, business, visitors) ( characteristics in terms of stakeholders’ concerns about smart city from citizen perspective), now and for foreseeable future, without unfair disadvantages of others or degradation of the natural environment (characteristics in terms of domain’s concern about smart city) NOTE 1: A smart city also faces the challenges of respecting planetary boundaries and taking into account the limitations these boundaries impose. NOTE 2: There are a numerous definitions of smart city; however, the definition that is used with TC268 is the official one agreed to by the ISO Technical Management Board	[20-21]
D4	city (characteristics in terms of smart object of smart city and domain’s concern about smart city) where improvements in quality of life, services, (characteristics in terms of stakeholders’ concern about smart city from citizen perspective), sustainability and resilience (characteristics in terms of visions and goals of smart city) are accelerated (characteristics in terms of smart status of smart city) by the effective integration of many and various types of physical, digital and social systems and the transformative use of data and technology (characteristics in terms of approaches to and means of smart city) Note 1 to entry: This is a general definition of a smart city. The IEC looks at these aspects from an electrotechnical perspective. Note 2 to entry: The effective integration of physical, digital and social systems requires the development and integration of digital twins of all these systems.	[6]831-01-26
D5	City(Characteristics in terms of domain’s concern about smart city)(Characteristics in terms of smart object of smart city) which is systematically addressing concerns of citizens(Characteristics in terms of stakeholder’s concern about smart city) leveraging international standards and digital transformation(Characteristics in terms of domain’s concern about smart city) Note 1 to entry: Typical citizens’ concerns are, by their nature, subjective, contradictory, partial and changing over the time. Such concerns form views representing how citizens see and perceive the city. Usually, different stakeholders (e.g. groups of citizen) may have different views on the same fragment or aspect of a city. Note 2 to entry: Any city (therefore any smart city) is a self-organising (Characteristics in terms of smart status of smart city)system thus it is able transforming itself. Note 3 to entry: The complexity of smart cities requires building them via digital transformation as digitally coordinated systems. Note 4 to entry: Each smart city is carrying out its digital transformation with its own pace(Characteristics in terms of smart status of smart city). Note 5 to entry: The concept “digitally coordinated system” is critical for providing various smart cities with ready-to-deploy (standard) solutions which can be used (together with some local solutions) to create unique smart cities. Such digitally coordinated systems are qualified as repeatable. This feature is necessary to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 quickly and effectively because there are many cities and any making each of them smart in a different way would be very unsustainable. Note 6 to entry: International Standards are critical for repeatability and scalability of digital solutions(Characteristics in terms of visions and goals of smart city) for smart cities. Note 7 to entry: The shortest form of the definition of smart city is “city built as a digital system”. Note 8 to entry: Various improvements for citizens, business and administration can be quantified via internationally recognised metrics(Characteristics in terms of approaches to and means of smart city). Examples of such metrics are: https://www.doingbusiness.org/and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Liveability_Ranking.	From comments of National Body of Switzerland for [6]
D6	“City (Characteristics in terms of smart object of smart city)where electrotechnical systems and information technology(Characteristics in terms of domain’s concern about smart city)(Characteristics in terms of approaches to and means of smart city) are employed to improve city services(Characteristics in terms of smart status of smart city)(Characteristics in terms of visions and goals of smart city).”	From comments of National Body of US for [6]

Characteristics	Unique combination of characteristics
characteristics in terms of stakeholders’ concern about smart city	citizen (D1, D3, D4, D5) present and future generations (D2)
characteristics in terms of domain’s concern about smart city	built environment (D1) natural environment (D3) city (D4, D5, D6) international standards and digital transformation(D5) electrotechnical systems and information technology(D6) economic, social, environmental as well as cultural aspects (D2)
characteristics in terms of smart object of smart city	integration of physical, digital and human systems (D1) city (D2, D3, D4 D5, D6)
characteristics in terms of smart status of smart city	effective integration (D1) pace increases (D3) improvements accelerated (D4) self-organizing system(D5) digital transformation as digitally coordinated systems with its own pace(D5) improvements for services(D6) innovation (D2)
characteristics in terms of visions and goals of smart city	a sustainable, prosperous and inclusive future (D1) fundamentally improving (D3) provides social, economic and environmental sustainability outcomes and responds to challenges such as climate of change, rapid population growth, and political and economical instability, to deliver better services and quality of life (D3) improvements in quality of life, services, sustainability and resilience (D4) repeatability and scalability of digital solutions (D5) systematically addressing concerns(D5) city services(D6) improve quality of life, efficiency of urban operation and services, and competitiveness (D2)
characteristics in terms of approaches to and means of smart city	effective integration of physical, digital and human systems(D1) engage society applies collaborative leadership methods, works across disciplines and city systems, and uses data information and modern technologies (D3)information and communication technologies (ICTs) and other mean (D2) by the effective integration of many and various types of physical, digital and social systems and the transformative use of data and technology (D4) internationally recognized metrics(D5) electrotechnical systems and information technology(D6) information and communication technologies (ICTs) and other mean (D2)

Letter	Account	Percentage
D1: effective integration of physical, digital and human systems in the built environment to deliver a sustainable, prosperous and inclusive future for its citizens. [9,14-17]	6	42.86%
D2: a smart sustainable city is an innovative city that uses information and communication technologies (ICTs) and other means to improve quality of life, efficiency of urban operation and services, and competitiveness, while ensuring that it is meets the needs of present and future generations with respect to economic, social, environmental as well as cultural aspect. NOTE 1: City competitiveness refers to policies, institutions, strategies and processes that determine the city’s sustainable productivity. NOTE 2: ‘Smart sustainable city’ is also called ‘smart city’ in some other SDOs [18-19]	3	21.43%
D3 :city that increases the pace at which it provides social, economic and environmental sustainability outcomes and responds to challenges such as climate of change, rapid population growth, and political and economical instability by fundamentally improving how it engage society applies collaborative leadership methods, works across disciplines and city systems, and uses data information and modern technologies to deliver better services and quality of life to those in the city (residents, business, visitors), now and for foreseeable future, without unfair disadvantages of others or degradation of the natural environment NOTE 1: A smart city also faces the challenges of respecting planetary boundaries and taking into account the limitations these boundaries impose. NOTE 2: There are a numerous definitions of smart city; however, the definition that is used with TC268 is the official one agreed to by the ISO Technical Management Board [20-21]	4	28.57%
D4: city where improvements in quality of life, services, sustainability and resilience are accelerated by the effective integration of many and various types of physical, digital and social systems and the transformative use of data and technology Note 1 to entry: This is a general definition of a smart city. The IEC looks at these aspects from an electrotechnical perspective. Note 2 to entry: The effective integration of physical, digital and social systems requires the development and integration of digital twins of all these systems. [6]831-01-26	3	21.43%
D5: city which is systematically addressing concerns of citizens leveraging international standards and digital transformation Note 1 to entry: Typical citizens’ concerns are, by their nature, subjective, contradictory, partial and changing over the time. Such concerns form views representing how citizens see and perceive the city. Usually, different stakeholders (e.g. groups of citizen) may have different views on the same fragment or aspect of a city. Note 2 to entry: Any city (therefore any smart city) is a self-organising system thus it is able transforming itself. Note 3 to entry: The complexity of smart cities requires building them via digital transformation as digitally coordinated systems. Note 4 to entry: Each smart city is carrying out its digital transformation with its own pace. Note 5 to entry: The concept “digitally coordinated system” is critical for providing various smart cities with ready-to-deploy (standard) solutions which can be used (together with some local solutions) to create unique smart cities. Such digitally coordinated systems are qualified as repeatable. This feature is necessary to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 quickly and effectively because there are many cities and any making each of them smart in a different way would be very unsustainable.Note 6 to entry: International Standards are critical for repeatability and scalability of digital solutions for smart cities. Note 7 to entry: The shortest form of the definition of smart city is “city built as a digital system”. Note 8 to entry: Various improvements for citizens, business and administration can be quantified via internationally recognised metrics. Examples of such metrics are: https://www.doingbusiness.org/ and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Liveability_Ranking. From National Bodies of Switzerland for [6]	0	0%
D6: city where electrotechnical systems and information technology are employed to improve city services. From National Bodies of US for [6]	1	7.14%
Validated answer for this question	14