中国科技术语 ›› 2017, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (1): 15-20.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8578.2017.01.003

• 术语学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

科技词汇的基本特点探讨

孙旭东1, 戴卫平2   

  1. 1.中国石油大学(北京)国际学院,北京 102249
    2.中国石油大学(北京)外语学院,北京 102249
  • 收稿日期:2016-06-29 修回日期:2016-10-09 出版日期:2017-02-20 发布日期:2017-02-20
  • 作者简介:孙旭东(1960—),男,硕士,中国石油大学(北京)国际学院处长,主要研究方向为语义学、语用学。通信方式: sxudong@cup.edu.cn。

An Analysis of Technical Term Features

SUN Xudong1, DAI Weiping2   

  • Received:2016-06-29 Revised:2016-10-09 Online:2017-02-20 Published:2017-02-20

摘要:

从科技汉语选用的词汇特点分析入手,描述了汉语科技语体在词汇层面的特征,给以学习学术汉语为主要目的的汉语学习者提供了了解学术汉语词汇的帮助。主要围绕词素结构、发音、语义、词汇分层、形成机理、名词化等方面的基本特点进行分析。结论是:汉语科技词汇与普通词汇相比所含词素多、讲究读音对应和对称、语义趋向单一和专指、层次结构复杂且有5层以上结构出现、词汇形成方式规律明显且可造性强、名词化现象普遍而实用。

关键词: 科技汉语, 汉语语体, 选词, 科技词汇

Abstract:

In order to provide a clearer picture of the technical lexicons to Chinese language learners for academic purpose, we explain the lexical features of technical texts of Chinese language based on analyses of the characteristics of words used in technical or academic Chinese. The issues discussed include morpheme structure in word formation, syllable and vocal match, technical word formation mechanism, and nominalization phenomenon. Compared with common words, we conclude that Chinese technical terms have the following characteristics: contain more morphemes, stress pronunciation correspondence and symmetry symmetrical rhyme, semantic meanings are narrowed down to single meaning, hierarchical structure of word formation is complex and even has more than 5 layers of structure, the law of word formation is obvious, and nominalization is frequently employed and has practical usages.

Key words: technical Chinese, text style, word choice, technical term

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