To define terms is one of the most important procedures in the development of scientific terms. Unfortunately, the normalization evaluation for term definitions tends to be short in demand, especially those evaluation models with theoretical and operational practicability are much less. With the help of Julian House's Model of Translation Quality Assessment and ideas of systemic functional linguistics, we may set up a model of the normalization evaluation for terms.

This paper presents some academic thoughts about the objects in the terminology theory of the Austria School, and tries to give some useful references for term research in China.

Based on researches of Haiguotuzhi in the late Qing Dynasty, Cihai and the dictionary of mandarin in the Republic of China, and the new Cihai published in 2009, we put forwards the term changes of scientific nomenclature, and discuss name diachronic changes from the perspective of internal form of word formationform. We also discussed the definition of internal form and the relations with motivation, and suggested that five basic principles for nomenclature: fluctuating variability, exclusiveness, national characters, poly-sources, and textual. Our results can provide methods and basis for the nomenclature standardization, and make sense to perfect the nomination of scientific terms.

This paper discusses the principle of identity for the standardization of English terminology in Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology in terms of the link between identity and monosemy, and the priority of identity to back translation. We propose that identity and monosemy share common ground as they are both based on establishing a one-to-one relationship between concept and standard terminology, although they aim at different languages. While identity and back translation cannot collaborate in instructing the standardization of terminology, identity should take the priority. For terminology with no special structures, the English equivalents should be adopted as standard terminology.

Based on sentence-level comparative study of machine translation output and human translation from Automobile Technical Document Translation Corpus, this paper reveals the statistic result of the translation errors of technical terms in machine translation output, and explains the three typical forms of errors in misidentifying the syntactical functions of technical terms serving as noun, verb or adjective, mistranslating abbreviations of technical terms and lacking consistency in the translation of technical terms. The research is useful to improve the translation system by narrowing down the usages of technical terms in the restricted area of automobile technical documents.

The paper analyzes the various versions of the C-E translation of “Junzi”and “Xiaoren” in The Analects of Confucius, and then puts forward the point that in today's Chinese culture transmission, translators would better adopt Foreignization strategy in C-E translation practice, especially the method of transliteration plus annotation. The translation strategy will make contribution to the unification and standardization of the English equivalents for these Chinese culture-loaded words. The method of transliteration plus annotation can make the translated text acceptable to the target readers and spread Chinese culture effectively.

Generative syntax has been affecting linguistic community since its foundation in 1950s. It has been suggested that generative syntax theory should be fused with traditional grammar when it is penetrating in Chinese academic field, called as localization. The author discussed implication and feasibility of localization from the perspective of gist grasping and its relation to traditional grammar. Based on three selected typical cases, the author revealed that localization has its theoretical basis and realistic importance.

In the 1970s and the 1980s, with the deep development of information technology, terminology occupied more and more important position during the process of the knowledge generation, knowledge obtaining, knowledge representation and knowledge transference. Enlightened by researches of information flow and knowledge orders, European terminologists made great progress in developing the general terminology theories, and set up not only “the Dynamic Model for the Terminology concepts” but also “the integration Model for Terminology and the Scientific Technology”. It will be sure to bring a new inspiration for the development of the Terminology with the Chinese characteristics in China.

Based on the significance of terminology management, this paper surveys the current situation of terminology management and gives a brief introduction to terminology management systems suitable for freelancers, translation teams as well as language services providers.

Based on Coxhead's Academic Word List, we discussed principles and methods in corpus making. The process can be classified as five steps, that is, clarifying the purpose of list making, creating a suitable corpus, deciding the unit of counting, defining the criteria for word selection and testing the list on an independent corpus. We also suggested that there should be a great need for improving the current word lists and developing the word list for specific purposes.

The particulate matter is the primary ambient air pollutants in China now and even in the future, while its term has not been unified. We summarized deductive process of the particulate matter terms in Chinese national ambient air quality standards and the particulate matter terminology in major countries, regions and organizations. Furthermore, we proposed the terminology of ambient air particulate matter applied to China: particulate matter with size less than or equal to 10 microns and a particle size less than or equal to 2.5 microns particulate matter were named as particulate matter (particle size less than or equal to 10μm) and particulate matter (particle size less than or equal to 2.5μm) respectively; and were referred as inhalable particle and fine particle, the English names for particulate matter (PM₁₀) and particulate matter (PM_2.5).

According to the international definition and conventional term, particulate matter 2.5 could be used as a Chinese denomiation of PM2.5, and defined as “the particulate matter, suspending in the ambient atmosphere, having an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers, it also can be called as fine particulate”.

The study aims to differentiate the translation principle and the standardization principle of English names of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) terms. Based on comprehensive analysis of the bilingual work principles and the goals of TCM terminology work of different scholars and organizations, we proposed that the foundation of standardization of English TCM terms should be the standardization of Chinese TCM terms. The prescriptive terminology work principles must be followed while drawing up standardization principles of English TCM terms. Translation principle is only one factor that affects the draw up of standardization principle.

“False friends,” a term widely used in second language teaching and researching, is normally translated and accepted as “假朋友” in Chinese. However, it is found that the intension and extension of this term vary considerably among its users. A lack of sense of norms is, among others, the main reason for its confusing usage. This paper intends to track down the origin of the term to clarify its concept as well as its intension and extension. We also argued that terms should still maintain their monosemy when translated during their cross cultural journeys.

Translation of scientific terms concerns the transformation of technical information, as well as cultural elements. The concept-forming mechanism and language expressing models are instinctively influenced and constrained by cultural cognition. For the fundamental purpose to achieve the exact counterpart of the conceptual meaning of the terms, the practical methods and tactics of term translation should be discussed by comparative analysis of cognitive principle and cultural correspondence.