关键词: 信息整合理论, 整合信息, 泛心论, 因果信息

Abstract:

Integrated information theory（IIT）posits integrated information as the foundational basis for consciousness.In its 3.0 version，Tononi conceptualizes information as causal mechanisms constituting intrinsic differences，thereby distinguishing it from Shannon information.Searle argues that such observer-dependent information cannot differentiate intrinsic and extrinsic aspects，as all causal information must be recognized or constructed firstly.Proponents counter that Searle’s critique overlooks the objectivity of scientific research，while raising criticisms specifically targeting IIT’s feedback network model.They contend that judgments about causal information still rely on input-output analysis，failing to transcend the mechanistic black box.Operationalism offers a modest defense for IIT by reframing causality as operational continuity through temporal concepts，thereby circumventing the epistemological challenges of causal information judgment.

Key words: integrated information theory, integration information, panpsychism, causal information