信息与文献标准化术语管理研究

doi:10.12339/j.issn.1673-8578.2022.01.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究统计分析了国际标准化组织ISO/TC 46技术标准中对ISO 5127术语的引用,修正了ISO 5127信息与文献术语概念体系,分析了开展 ISO/TC 46信息与文献领域术语管理的必要性和可能性,并提出了在ISO/TC 46领域开展术语管理的基本建议。

关键词: 信息与文献, 术语管理, 标准化

Abstract:

This study demonstrates statistics on references to ISO 5127 terms in the current ISO/TC 46 technical standards, presents the logic sequence of the concept system of ISO 5127, demonstrates the necessity and possibility of terminology management in ISO/TC 46, and proposes some suggestions to perform terminology management in the field of ISO/TC 46.

Key words: information and documentation, terminology management, standardization

中图分类号:

刘春燕. 信息与文献标准化术语管理研究[J]. 中国科技术语, 2022, 24(1): 63-72.

LIU Chunyan. Research on Standardized Terminology Management of Information and Documentation[J]. China Terminology, 2022, 24(1): 63-72.

图/表 5

参考文献 50

[1]	ISO/TC 46.[EB/OL]. [2021-03-21]. https://www.iso.org/committee/48750.html.
[2]	Information and documentation —Foundation and vocabulary:ISO 5127:2017[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/59743.html.
[3]	Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions—Part 1: Country code:ISO 3166-1:2020[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/72482.html.
[4]	Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions—Part 2: Country subdivision code:ISO 3166-2:2020[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/72483.html.
[5]	Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions—Part 3: Code for formerly used names of countries: ISO 3166-3:2020[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/72484.html.
[6]	Information and documentation—Transliteration of scripts in use in Thailand—Part 1: Transliteration of Akson-Thai-Noi: ISO 20674-1:2019[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/68790.html.
[7]	Information and documentation—Presentation and identification of periodicals: ISO 8:2019[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/67723.html.
[8]	Information and documentation—Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin characters—Part 3: Persian language—Transliteration: ISO/CD 233-3[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/78514.html.
[9]	Information and documentation—Codes for the representation of names of scripts: ISO/DIS 15924[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/81905.html.
[10]	Information and documentation—Information Governance—Concept and principles:ISO/DIS 24143[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/77915.html.
[11]	Information and documentation—Codes for script conversion systems: ISO/CD 24229[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/78143.html.
[12]	Information and documentation—RFID in libraries—Part 2: Encoding of RFID data elements based on rules from ISO/IEC 15962:ISO 28560-2:2018[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/75672.html.
[13]	Information and documentation—The Dublin Core metadata element set—Part 2: DCMI Properties and classes:ISO 15836-2:2019[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/71341.html.
[14]	Information and documentation—International standard identifier for libraries and related organizations (ISIL):ISO 15511:2019[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/77849.html.
[15]	Information and documentation—Interlibrary Loan Transactions: ISO/DIS 18626[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/79013.html.
[16]	Information and documentation—Key indicators for museums:ISO 21246:2019[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/70231.html.
[17]	Information and documentation—Quality assessment for national libraries: ISO 21248:2019[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/70233.html.
[18]	Information and documentation—International archives statistics: ISO/FDIS 24083[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/77765.html.
[19]	Information and documentation—International standard serial number (ISSN): ISO 3297:2020[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/73846.html.
[20]	Information and documentation—International Standard Recording Code (ISRC):ISO 3901:2019[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/64817.html.
[21]	Information and documentation—International library item identifier (ILII): ISO 20247:2018[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/67408.html.
[22]	Information and documentation—Description and presentation of rights information: ISO/TR 22038:2020[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/72388.html.
[23]	Information and documentation—Guidelines for bibliographic references and citations to information resources:ISO/FDIS 690[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/72642.html.
[24]	Principles of identification: ISO/DTR 22943.3[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/76738.html.
[25]	Information and documentation—Research activity identifier information technology—Learning, education, training and research (RAiD): ISO/CD 23527[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/75931.html.
[26]	Information and documentation—Management of the environmental conditions for archive and library collections: ISO/TR 19815:2018[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/66264.html.
[27]	Information and documentation—Emergency preparedness and response:ISO 21110:2019[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/69922.html.
[28]	Information and documentation—Papers and boards used for conservation—Measurement of impact of volatiles on cellulose in paper: ISO 23404:2020[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/75439.html.
[29]	Information and documentation—Processes and functional requirements for software for managing records—Part 1: Functional requirements and associated guidance for any applications that manage digital records: ISO 16175-1:2020[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/74294.html.
[30]	Information and documentation—Processes and functional requirements for software for managing records—Part 2: Guidance for selecting, designing, implementing and maintaining software for managing records: ISO/TS 16175-2:2020 [S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/74293.html.
[31]	Information and documentation—Appraisal for managing records: ISO/TR 21946:2018[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/72274.html.
[32]	Information and documentation—Records management in enterprise architecture: ISO/TR 21965:2019[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/72312.html.
[33]	Managing records in cloud computing environments—Part 1: Issues and concerns: ISO/TR 22428-1:2020[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/73173.html.
[34]	Information and documentation—Records management—Core concepts and vocabulary: ISO 30300:2020[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/74291.html.
[35]	Information and documentation—Management systems for records—Requirements: ISO 30301:2019[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/74292.html.
[36]	Information and documentation—Digital records conversion and migration process: ISO/CD 13008[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/75569.html.
[37]	Information and documentation—Metadata for managing records—Part 2: Conceptual and implementation issues: ISO/DIS 23081-2[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/81600.html.
[38]	Information and documentation—Management systems for records—Guidelines for implementation: ISO/CD 30302[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/81595.html.
[39]	Information and documentation—Collections management for archives and libraries: ISO/TR 19814:2017[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/66263.html.
[40]	Stephen N. Luko, Mark E, Johnson. Reviews of standards and related material: Statistical standards and ISO, Part 2—Terminology[J]. Quality Engineering: 2012, 24(2):346-353. doi: 10.1080/08982112.2012.654437 URL
[41]	ISO/TC 46. ISO TC 046 Business Plan[EB/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/fetch/2000/2122/687806/customview.html?func=ll&objId=687806&objAction=browse&sort=name
[42]	ISO/TC37.[EB/OL]. [2021-03-21]. https://www.iso.org/committee/48104.html.
[43]	Management of terminology resources—Terminology databases—Part 1: Design: ISO 26162-1:2019[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/71941.html.
[44]	Management of terminology resources—Terminology databases—Part 2: Software: ISO 26162-2: 2019[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/71942.html.
[45]	Project management guidelines for terminology standardization:15188: 2001[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/26698.html.
[46]	Terminology work—Principles and methods:ISO 704: 2009[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/38109.html.
[47]	Terminology work and terminology science—Vocabulary: ISO 1087:2019[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/62330.html.
[48]	Iurii Stryzhak and Galyna Matus. Management process of space terminology application. 62nd International Astronautical Congress, Cape Town, SA.
[49]	Terminology work—Harmonization of concepts and terms:ISO 860[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/40130.html.
[50]	Information and documentation—Bibliographic data element directory for use in data exchange and enquiry:ISO 8459:2009[S/OL]. [2021-03-24]. https://www.iso.org/standard/44937.html.

示例	定义	语义关联
元数据模式 metadata schema	ISO 5127的定义:显示元数据元素间关系的逻辑性设计(logical plan showing the relationships between metadata elements)	存在术语概念领域宽窄的关系
元数据模式 metadata schema	ISO 30300的定义:显示元数据元素间关系的逻辑性设计,建立语义、句法和可选择性(必要级别)规则(logical plan for metadata for records showing the relationships between elements, establishing rules for semantics, the syntax and the optionality (obligation level) of values)	存在术语概念领域宽窄的关系
存储区域 storage area	ISO 5127的定义:信息和文献机构拥有的物理类材料在未使用、借出、展示或在技术[保存]处理情况下,这些物品在受控条件下的可用保存区域(usable area of the information and documentation organization where the material objects are kept under controlled conditions if not in use, on loan, on display or in technical [conservation] treatment)	存在实际修改性引用关系
存储区域 storage area	ISO/TR 19814^[39]的定义:信息和文献机构拥有的藏品在受控条件下保存的区域(area of the information and documentation organization where the collections are kept under controlled conditions)	存在实际修改性引用关系
数字化 digitization	ISO 5127的定义:<转换过程>将模拟材料转换成数字形式的过程(<conversion process> process of converting analogue materials into digital form [SOURCE: ISO 2789:2013, definition 2.3.15])	存在共引关系
数字化 digitization	ISO 24083^[18]的定义:将模拟材料转换成数字形式的过程(process of converting analogue materials into digital form [SOURCE: ISO 2789:2013, 2.3.15])	存在共引关系

示例	定义	语义关联
元数据模式 metadata schema	ISO 5127的定义:显示元数据元素间关系的逻辑性设计(logical plan showing the relationships between metadata elements)	存在术语概念领域宽窄的关系
元数据模式 metadata schema	ISO 30300的定义:显示元数据元素间关系的逻辑性设计,建立语义、句法和可选择性(必要级别)规则(logical plan for metadata for records showing the relationships between elements, establishing rules for semantics, the syntax and the optionality (obligation level) of values)	存在术语概念领域宽窄的关系
存储区域 storage area	ISO 5127的定义:信息和文献机构拥有的物理类材料在未使用、借出、展示或在技术[保存]处理情况下,这些物品在受控条件下的可用保存区域(usable area of the information and documentation organization where the material objects are kept under controlled conditions if not in use, on loan, on display or in technical [conservation] treatment)	存在实际修改性引用关系
存储区域 storage area	ISO/TR 19814^[39]的定义:信息和文献机构拥有的藏品在受控条件下保存的区域(area of the information and documentation organization where the collections are kept under controlled conditions)	存在实际修改性引用关系
数字化 digitization	ISO 5127的定义:<转换过程>将模拟材料转换成数字形式的过程(<conversion process> process of converting analogue materials into digital form [SOURCE: ISO 2789:2013, definition 2.3.15])	存在共引关系
数字化 digitization	ISO 24083^[18]的定义:将模拟材料转换成数字形式的过程(process of converting analogue materials into digital form [SOURCE: ISO 2789:2013, 2.3.15])	存在共引关系

示例	差异
文件<文献> Records <document(s) >	ISO 5127:2017中定义:<文献>由组织或个人所创建、接收和保存的为履行法律义务或进行商业交易而作为证据和资产的记录信息的文档 <document(s)>document(s) containing recorded information created, received and maintained as evidence and as an asset by an organization or person, in pursuit of legal obligations or in the transaction of business
文件<文献> Records <document(s) >	实际应用中的范围差异:例如中国国家标准在采用文件管理相关国家标准时,在前言中增加了如下注释:根据中国档案工作实际,“records”翻译成“文件”,等同于中文语境下的机关单位或组织的文件和档案(不包括档案馆馆藏档案),标题上采用“文件(档案)”,便于检索,也便于维护文件(档案)管理系列国际标准中“records”的本义,便于维护已经采标的国家标准使用的连贯性和更广泛推广应用。
记录<数据集> Records <set of data>	ISO 5127:2017的定义,强调形成过程:<数据集>有关人或其他对象的文献或文献的一部分,包含根据预设特定目的选择和呈现的结构化的自包含系统化数据集合 part of a document or document containing a structured and internally organized set of self-contained but related data on one person or other object, selected and presented for a predefined specific purpose
记录<数据集> Records <set of data>	ISO 8459:2009^[50]的定义,强调应用:通常作为一个单元处理的数据元组,组织成称为字段的子单元,用于标识、描述和检索实体 group of data elements usually treated as a unit and often organized into sub-units called fields, which identifies, describes and facilitates retrieval of an entity
档案馆<组织> Archives <organization>	ISO 5127:2017的定义,按照档案馆生命周期:<组织>负责一个或多个档案/文件的选择、获取、保存和可用性的组织或组织的一部分 organization or part of an organization responsible for selection, acquisition, preservation and availability of one or more archives
档案馆<组织> Archives <organization>	ISO 20614:2017^[50]的定义,取单数形式,专注于保存:根据现行法律、法规或合同条件保留信息供指定群体访问和使用的组织 organization that intends to preserve information for access and use by a designated community in accordance with the current legal, regulatory or contractual conditions
单件馆藏 Item	ISO 5127:2017的定义,强调颗粒度:最小的不可分割的档案单位 smallest intellectually indivisible archival unit
单件馆藏 Item	ISO 8459:2009的定义,强调事务:可进行交易的复本单位,如可借出或保留的物理部分或可下载或访问的电子文件 unit of a copy on which transactions can be made, such as a physical part that can be lent or reserved or an electronic file that can be downloaded or accessed

示例	差异
文件<文献> Records <document(s) >	ISO 5127:2017中定义:<文献>由组织或个人所创建、接收和保存的为履行法律义务或进行商业交易而作为证据和资产的记录信息的文档 <document(s)>document(s) containing recorded information created, received and maintained as evidence and as an asset by an organization or person, in pursuit of legal obligations or in the transaction of business
文件<文献> Records <document(s) >	实际应用中的范围差异:例如中国国家标准在采用文件管理相关国家标准时,在前言中增加了如下注释:根据中国档案工作实际,“records”翻译成“文件”,等同于中文语境下的机关单位或组织的文件和档案(不包括档案馆馆藏档案),标题上采用“文件(档案)”,便于检索,也便于维护文件(档案)管理系列国际标准中“records”的本义,便于维护已经采标的国家标准使用的连贯性和更广泛推广应用。
记录<数据集> Records <set of data>	ISO 5127:2017的定义,强调形成过程:<数据集>有关人或其他对象的文献或文献的一部分,包含根据预设特定目的选择和呈现的结构化的自包含系统化数据集合 part of a document or document containing a structured and internally organized set of self-contained but related data on one person or other object, selected and presented for a predefined specific purpose
记录<数据集> Records <set of data>	ISO 8459:2009^[50]的定义,强调应用:通常作为一个单元处理的数据元组,组织成称为字段的子单元,用于标识、描述和检索实体 group of data elements usually treated as a unit and often organized into sub-units called fields, which identifies, describes and facilitates retrieval of an entity
档案馆<组织> Archives <organization>	ISO 5127:2017的定义,按照档案馆生命周期:<组织>负责一个或多个档案/文件的选择、获取、保存和可用性的组织或组织的一部分 organization or part of an organization responsible for selection, acquisition, preservation and availability of one or more archives
档案馆<组织> Archives <organization>	ISO 20614:2017^[50]的定义,取单数形式,专注于保存:根据现行法律、法规或合同条件保留信息供指定群体访问和使用的组织 organization that intends to preserve information for access and use by a designated community in accordance with the current legal, regulatory or contractual conditions
单件馆藏 Item	ISO 5127:2017的定义,强调颗粒度:最小的不可分割的档案单位 smallest intellectually indivisible archival unit
单件馆藏 Item	ISO 8459:2009的定义,强调事务:可进行交易的复本单位,如可借出或保留的物理部分或可下载或访问的电子文件 unit of a copy on which transactions can be made, such as a physical part that can be lent or reserved or an electronic file that can be downloaded or accessed

示例	缺陷类型
辅音(consonant) 字母表中一个非元音的发音或字母 one of the speech sounds or letters of the alphabet which is not a vowel	否定类定义辅音的定义应描述其是什么,而不应说“它不是元音”
通用资源标识符(Uniform Resource Identifier,URI) 一系列符合URI语法规则的字符组成的标识符 identifier consisting of a sequence of characters matching the URI syntax rule	循环定义(内循环) 在定义中重复简写“URI”来定义“Uniform Resource Identifier”^②(② “URI”概念在其他技术标准(不限于ISO/TC 46)已有很恰当的定义,可以考虑引用。)
文献(document) 在文献工作过程中作为一个单位处理的记录信息或实物对象 recorded information or material object which can be treated as a unit in a documentation process	引用但未标记该技术标准中的定义与ISO 5127:2017中的3.1.1.38完全一致,但未标注引用关系