中国科技术语 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 35-41.doi: 10.12339/j.issn.1673-8578.2025.04.005
吕婷钰(
), 张颖, 王勖, 李晓瑛(), 刘懿, 任慧玲()
收稿日期:2025-04-01
出版日期:2025-07-06
发布日期:2025-07-06
作者简介:吕婷钰(2001—),女,中国医学科学院医学信息研究所硕士研究生,研究方向为医学信息学、医学知识组织。通信方式:lv.tingyu@imicams.ac.cn。
李晓瑛(1982—),女,博士,中国医学科学院医学信息研究所研究员、硕士生导师,研究方向为医学知识组织、本体及知识图谱。通信方式:lixiaoying@imicams.ac.cn。
任慧玲(1971—),女,管理学硕士,中国医学科学院医学信息研究所信息资源与知识服务中心主任、研究馆员、硕士生导师,研究方向为医学知识组织、医学资源建设。通信方式:ren.huiling@imicams.ac.cn。
基金资助:
LÜ Tingyu(), ZHANG Ying, WANG Xu, LI Xiaoying(), LIU Yi, REN Huiling()
Received:2025-04-01
Online:2025-07-06
Published:2025-07-06
摘要：
health care与healthcare是公共卫生、群医学等学科领域的基本术语,通过梳理SDOs现有定义中有关health care与healthcare的核心特征,结合语篇理解辨析两者的异同,规范其定义和应用场景。建议以health care(医疗卫生服务)描述具体的卫生服务,侧重个体医疗实践;以healthcare(卫生)描述综合性卫生服务,强调卫生系统的整体性。旨在促进标准化组织、政策制定者、研究机构等在理论体系和实践应用领域的术语规范化。
吕婷钰, 张颖, 王勖, 李晓瑛, 刘懿, 任慧玲. 多维视域下health care与healthcare概念辨析[J]. 中国科技术语, 2025, 27(4): 35-41.
LÜ Tingyu, ZHANG Ying, WANG Xu, LI Xiaoying, LIU Yi, REN Huiling. Analysis of the Concepts of Health Care and Healthcare from a Multidimensional Perspective[J]. China Terminology, 2025, 27(4): 35-41.
| 名称 | 定义 |
|---|---|
| 概念 | 由独特的特征组合所创造的知识单元 |
| 特征 | 由属性抽象而来，注：特征用于描述概念 |
| 属性 | 物体的特征，注：一个或多个物体可以具有相同的属性 |
| 对象 | 任何可感知或可想到的事物，注：可以是物质的（例如“课桌”和“铅笔”）、非物质的（例如“出勤率”和“存活率”）或想象的（例如“科学假设”） |
| 名称 | 定义 |
|---|---|
| 概念 | 由独特的特征组合所创造的知识单元 |
| 特征 | 由属性抽象而来，注：特征用于描述概念 |
| 属性 | 物体的特征，注：一个或多个物体可以具有相同的属性 |
| 对象 | 任何可感知或可想到的事物，注：可以是物质的（例如“课桌”和“铅笔”）、非物质的（例如“出勤率”和“存活率”）或想象的（例如“科学假设”） |
| 序号 | 定义 | 来源 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Delivery of health care :The concept concerned with all aspects of providing and distributing health services to a patient population[ Comprehensive health care：Providing for the full range of personal health services for diagnosis,treatment,followup and rehabilitation of patients[ Delivery of health care,Integrated：A health care system which combines physicians,hospitals,and other medical services with a health plan to provide the complete spectrum of medical care for its customers[ CMeSH（Chinese Medical Subject Headings）中delivery of health care：与向疾病人群提供和分配卫生服务的各方面有关的概念[ | MeSH |
| 2 | A program that prepares individuals to develop,plan,and manage health care operations and services within health care facilities and across health care systems.Includes instruction in planning,business management,financial management,public relations,human resources management,health care systems operation and management,health care resource allocation and policy making,health law and regulations,and applications to specific types of health care services[ | CIP |
| 3 | 又称卫生保健，为保护和增进人体健康、防治疾病，由专业人员和医疗机构提供的与健康评估、疾病管理、健康教育及健康促进等相关的综合性措施[ | 全国科学技术名词审定委员会 |
| 4 | health care的四大关键要素 [ (1)subject of health care:any person who uses,or is a potential user of,a health care service (2)health care product:medical device,including in vitro diagnostic medical device,or medicinal product,including biopharmaceutical (3)health care provider:healthcare professional with proficient skills and experience with the use of a device so that they can aid or train patients and caregivers to use and maintain the device (4)health care facility:dedicated setting where health care professionals deliver services for patient | ISO |
| 序号 | 定义 | 来源 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Delivery of health care :The concept concerned with all aspects of providing and distributing health services to a patient population[ Comprehensive health care：Providing for the full range of personal health services for diagnosis,treatment,followup and rehabilitation of patients[ Delivery of health care,Integrated：A health care system which combines physicians,hospitals,and other medical services with a health plan to provide the complete spectrum of medical care for its customers[ CMeSH（Chinese Medical Subject Headings）中delivery of health care：与向疾病人群提供和分配卫生服务的各方面有关的概念[ | MeSH |
| 2 | A program that prepares individuals to develop,plan,and manage health care operations and services within health care facilities and across health care systems.Includes instruction in planning,business management,financial management,public relations,human resources management,health care systems operation and management,health care resource allocation and policy making,health law and regulations,and applications to specific types of health care services[ | CIP |
| 3 | 又称卫生保健，为保护和增进人体健康、防治疾病，由专业人员和医疗机构提供的与健康评估、疾病管理、健康教育及健康促进等相关的综合性措施[ | 全国科学技术名词审定委员会 |
| 4 | health care的四大关键要素 [ (1)subject of health care:any person who uses,or is a potential user of,a health care service (2)health care product:medical device,including in vitro diagnostic medical device,or medicinal product,including biopharmaceutical (3)health care provider:healthcare professional with proficient skills and experience with the use of a device so that they can aid or train patients and caregivers to use and maintain the device (4)health care facility:dedicated setting where health care professionals deliver services for patient | ISO |
| 序号 | 定义 | 来源 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1.organized provision of services to individuals or a community in order to address,manage and improve their physical,mental,and social wellbeing[ 2.activities to maintain and improve the health of individuals or populations[ 3.care activities,services,management or supplies related to the health of an individual[ 4.care,services,or supplies related to the health of an individual. Note 1 to entry: Includes any:a) preventative,diagnostic,therapeutic,rehabilitative,maintenance,or palliative care,counselling,service,or procedure with respect to the physical or mental condition,or functional status,of a patient or affecting the structure or function of the body;b) sale or dispensing of a drug,device,equipment,or other item pursuant to a prescription;c) procurement or banking of blood,sperm,organs,or any other tissue for administration to patients[ | ISO |
| 2 | 卫生（healthcare）是依据医学及相关学科的原理，为恢复、维护、增强人的健康所采取的行动。包括公共卫生、群医学。公共卫生是基于群医学和相关学科原理，为恢复、维护、增强人群健康所采取的综合社会行动；群医学是公共卫生的医学基础，其主体是医学界、医务人员；公共卫生的承担者则是包括医界在内的社会各界，其实施要义为必须实现由群医学及相关学科原理向“促防诊控治康”健康照护行动的转化，必须由小众而大众化，发动社会各界全体参加[ | 中国医学科学院 |
| 序号 | 定义 | 来源 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1.organized provision of services to individuals or a community in order to address,manage and improve their physical,mental,and social wellbeing[ 2.activities to maintain and improve the health of individuals or populations[ 3.care activities,services,management or supplies related to the health of an individual[ 4.care,services,or supplies related to the health of an individual. Note 1 to entry: Includes any:a) preventative,diagnostic,therapeutic,rehabilitative,maintenance,or palliative care,counselling,service,or procedure with respect to the physical or mental condition,or functional status,of a patient or affecting the structure or function of the body;b) sale or dispensing of a drug,device,equipment,or other item pursuant to a prescription;c) procurement or banking of blood,sperm,organs,or any other tissue for administration to patients[ | ISO |
| 2 | 卫生（healthcare）是依据医学及相关学科的原理，为恢复、维护、增强人的健康所采取的行动。包括公共卫生、群医学。公共卫生是基于群医学和相关学科原理，为恢复、维护、增强人群健康所采取的综合社会行动；群医学是公共卫生的医学基础，其主体是医学界、医务人员；公共卫生的承担者则是包括医界在内的社会各界，其实施要义为必须实现由群医学及相关学科原理向“促防诊控治康”健康照护行动的转化，必须由小众而大众化，发动社会各界全体参加[ | 中国医学科学院 |
| 序号 | 释义 | 词典 | 是否区分 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | health care,healthcare or medical care is the diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of disease,illness,and injury. health care,or healthcare,is the improvement of health via the prevention,diagnosis,treatment,amelioration or cure of disease,illness,injury,and other physical and mental impairments in people. | 维基百科 | 不区分 |
| 2 | healthcare：the activity or business of providing medical services health care：the services provided by a country or an organization that involve caring for people's health and treating people who are ill | 剑桥词典 | 区分 |
| 3 | 1.efforts made to maintain,restore,or promote someone's physical,mental,or emotional wellbeing especially when performed by trained and licensed professionals 2.the people and organizations that provide health care | 韦氏词典 | 不区分 |
| 4 | The provision of care for the health of a person,community,etc.,esp.（in later use） that provided by trained health professionals to prevent and treat illness,injury,etc. | 牛津词典 | 不区分 |
| 序号 | 释义 | 词典 | 是否区分 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | health care,healthcare or medical care is the diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of disease,illness,and injury. health care,or healthcare,is the improvement of health via the prevention,diagnosis,treatment,amelioration or cure of disease,illness,injury,and other physical and mental impairments in people. | 维基百科 | 不区分 |
| 2 | healthcare：the activity or business of providing medical services health care：the services provided by a country or an organization that involve caring for people's health and treating people who are ill | 剑桥词典 | 区分 |
| 3 | 1.efforts made to maintain,restore,or promote someone's physical,mental,or emotional wellbeing especially when performed by trained and licensed professionals 2.the people and organizations that provide health care | 韦氏词典 | 不区分 |
| 4 | The provision of care for the health of a person,community,etc.,esp.（in later use） that provided by trained health professionals to prevent and treat illness,injury,etc. | 牛津词典 | 不区分 |
| 特征类别 | 特征来源 | 特征描述 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| health care（医疗卫生服务） | 目标 | CIP | to develop,plan,and manage health care operations and services within health care facilities and across healthcare systems |
| 对象 | MeSH | a patient population | |
| 方法 | MeSH | all aspects of providing and distributing health services | |
| CIP | Includes instruction in planning,business management,financial management,public relations,human resources management,health care systems operation and management | ||
| 全国科学技术名词审定委员会 | 与健康评估、疾病管理、健康教育及健康促进等相关的综合性措施 | ||
| 领域关注点 | CIP | resource allocation，policy making，health law and regulations | |
| 利益相关者 | 全国科学技术名词审定委员会 | 专业人员和医疗机构 | |
| healthcare（卫生） | 目标 | ISO 7101:2023 | to address,manage,and improve their physical,mental,and social wellbeing |
| ISO 13940:2015 | affecting the structure or function of the body | ||
| 中国医学科学院 | 为恢复、维护、增强健康的行动 | ||
| 对象 | ISO 7101:2023 | individuals or a community | |
| 方法 | ISO 7101:2023 | provision of care activities | |
| ISO 22886:2020 | care activities;Activities | ||
| ISO 13940:2015 | care activities,services,management,or supplies | ||
| ISO 13940:2015 | care,services,or supplies | ||
| 中国医学科学院 | 公共卫生、群医学等综合手段 | ||
| 领域关注点 | ISO 13940:2015 | preventative,diagnostic,therapeutic,rehabilitative,maintenance,or palliative care,counselling,service,or procedure | |
| 利益相关者 | 中国医学科学院 | 包括医界在内的社会各界 |
| 特征类别 | 特征来源 | 特征描述 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| health care（医疗卫生服务） | 目标 | CIP | to develop,plan,and manage health care operations and services within health care facilities and across healthcare systems |
| 对象 | MeSH | a patient population | |
| 方法 | MeSH | all aspects of providing and distributing health services | |
| CIP | Includes instruction in planning,business management,financial management,public relations,human resources management,health care systems operation and management | ||
| 全国科学技术名词审定委员会 | 与健康评估、疾病管理、健康教育及健康促进等相关的综合性措施 | ||
| 领域关注点 | CIP | resource allocation，policy making，health law and regulations | |
| 利益相关者 | 全国科学技术名词审定委员会 | 专业人员和医疗机构 | |
| healthcare（卫生） | 目标 | ISO 7101:2023 | to address,manage,and improve their physical,mental,and social wellbeing |
| ISO 13940:2015 | affecting the structure or function of the body | ||
| 中国医学科学院 | 为恢复、维护、增强健康的行动 | ||
| 对象 | ISO 7101:2023 | individuals or a community | |
| 方法 | ISO 7101:2023 | provision of care activities | |
| ISO 22886:2020 | care activities;Activities | ||
| ISO 13940:2015 | care activities,services,management,or supplies | ||
| ISO 13940:2015 | care,services,or supplies | ||
| 中国医学科学院 | 公共卫生、群医学等综合手段 | ||
| 领域关注点 | ISO 13940:2015 | preventative,diagnostic,therapeutic,rehabilitative,maintenance,or palliative care,counselling,service,or procedure | |
| 利益相关者 | 中国医学科学院 | 包括医界在内的社会各界 |
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