This article mainly talks about the common problems of terminological standard in compiling terms in science and technology in dictionary. By giving examples, the article discusses about the entries on which scholars have different opinions from variant forms of the same word,different names of same object,and the pronunciation. In addition, the article gives some specific suggestions on dealing with them.

Terminology is the linguistic symbol of form and meaning to describe the concept. To regulate terms is the requirement to promote science. We must uphold the principles of term work, and also improve the communication and cooperation between the straits.

Terminology and nomenclature are important parts of standardization. With the fast development and industrial growth of nanotechnology, standardization organizations around the world have started working on this aspect. This article introduces the current status in this field, and provides information for both academia and R&D sectors.

Based on Halliday's three metafunctions theory and Fernando's categorization of English idioms,the essay seeks to establish the word-chunk system of business English style.From the perspective of communicative functions,it defines ideational,interpersonal and relational word chunks,and discusses translating methods of equivalence translation on referential,connotative,pragmatic and relational equivalences.These methods can be of great help to language users in business English-Chinese communication.

Naming in translation is a problem that cannot be neglected,as many translated names are unknown and unacceptable with the sense of translationese,which to some degree hinders the understanding to the terms and the development of the theory even the whole field.According to the different texts containing the terms “tertium comparationis” and their different Chinese translations,their Chinese translations are different from each other and some of them do not represent the basic characteristics and contents of the terms.Based on the requirements and norms of naming in translation,combining with the discipline context of translation studies,it is to put up a new referent name for them,and by this way to help others to realize the importance and necessity of standardization or normalization of translation terms,which will improve the development of study on naming in translation as well as translation studies.

The terminology for civil engineering—“nü'erqiang” refers to the low brick wall built around the edge of the roof of a building.“nü'erqiang” is translated into “parapet” in prevailing dictionaries.While,by delving into the two words,we find out their differences and suggest that it be translated as roof parapet.

A Chinese version of Extended Hantzsch-Widman heterocyclic nomenclature,free from exceptional rules in forming stems in the names of heteromonocycles,is put forward.In this nomenclature system,the Chinese traditional ten Heavenly Stems (“天干”) are used as serial numbers to denote the size of heteromonocycles,and the Chinese characters “轭” and “单”,which mean conjugated and single,to denote hetermonocycles composed of conjugated double bonds and single bonds respectively.

The“sintering”has become core word in both fields of mineral engineering and powder metallurgy respectively.By means of both sintering processes,although materials will all change their condensed status,each of them has been endowed with different connotation during their own developing process,could not be replaced each other.Both sintering should be taken in the“terms in metallurgy”respectively.The inference has been discussed in this paper.

The paper gives samples of the use of chemical substance,and discusses the necessity of defining the term.Chemical substance is the entity of atoms and their aggregates,i.e.nucleus-electron-systems in microscale to build the object occupying space,i.e.gas,liquid and solid in macroscale.The author suggests the term be added in dictionaries and textbooks.

Reform and opening up has brought great wealth of national food tables,also makes the cooking terminology unprecedentedly active.This article describes the social background,and lists a large number of terms to explore a number of key areas about catching and meaning of cooking terms,as well as some of the work needs to be done,reflects some development conditions of the Chinese food culture and food language at the present stage.

The author analyzed the distribution of word-term and phrase-term in the terminological database GLOT-C, and tried to explain the phenomenon of phrase-terms dominated in terminological system.Based on theoretical analysis, the author proposed the economic law of term formation, and described the law with FEL formula.

Terms need to be standardized.However, the standardized terms in actual use are not always following those forms and the meanings that have been provided, and some variations will occur.This is the inevitable trend of term development, and it is also in line with the laws of language development.

Er'ya is an ancient book focused on explanations and commentaries for Chinese terms.Based on terminology research, the author proposed that Er'ya not only be the first Chinese terminology dictionary, but also the first Chinese encyclopedia dictionary.Furthermore, the author put forward the opinion that Er'ya might be one of the valuable research materials in Chinese terminology history research.

It is linguistics rather than other disciplines that relates most closely with terminology.Linguistics, therefore, plays as the basis of term education,in which the branches of linguistics can be arranged as follows in descending order with the frequency or importance in their application as standard:lexicology → semantics → morphology → syntax → pragmatics → phonetics → philology.The sequence, of course, overlaps or switches from one or another.

With the development of science and technology in China, the achievements of terminology research are remarkable.Thus, it is becoming imperative to make terminology theoretical knowledge more popular, and there is a growing trend towards developing terminology education.The author discussed the contents and basic approaches of terminology education,and tried to arouse attentions to related problems on terminology education in China.

New terms are springing up with the emerging of new subjects, new concepts and new technologies,and terms have increasingly influenced on and penetrated into society.Thus,people's desire and pursuit for knowledge-based society is becoming imperative,and terms have subsequently become an indispensable part of education.The authors discussed the nature of term education in five aspects (i.e., gradable, scientific, popular, international and national aspects) , and clarified the importance of term education.

The author discussed on how to improve the accuracy of term translation from 8 aspects:(1) distinguishing conceptual jargons from non-conception jargons; (2) encouraging “one for one” pattern for translating conceptual jargons; (3) properly handling “one for more” problem in term translation; (4) properly treating the translation of synonyms and umbrella terms; (5) properly expressing “word combination jargons”;(6) defending the historic and cultural significance of transliteration-based jargons; (7) refining word in term translation,(8) establishing term management system for improving the accuracy of term translation.

The Chinese translation of “constitutive” is “zuchengde” which means “organized”.The author thinks the Chinese translation “zuchengde”can not reflect the correct meaning of “constitutive”,and suggests that “zuchengde” should be substituted by terms related to constant, continuous, or other terms of this kind.

The most popular internet slang in 2008 must be “shanzhai”, which extends from “shanzhai products” to “shanzhai phenomenon” and “shanzhai culture”.The translation of “shanzhai” becomes a top concern for translators.The author attempts to analyze the metaphorical meanings of “shanzhai” and its translation from the perspectives of context.

Language is the symbol of a people.It can be acquired as native language, second language,or foreign language.There exists an affinity between heritage language and its learners in the US where English dominates.The author discusses the characteristics of both heritage language and its learners,and proposes a Chinese translation of heritage language.

The author discussed the connotation and meaning of four terms:weathering, disease, deterioration and failure.Moreover, the rationality and scientific extent of the four terms in the field of stone cultural heritage protection are also discussed in this paper.

The traditional legal-words(affix) are basic lexical words in the legal term system, which are stabile,productive and inherited. With the development of society, these lexical words may be changed in various aspects, that is, both the forms and meanings are reserved, or forms are reserved but meanings changed incompletely, or forms are reserved but meanings changed completely. Analyzing the evolution of these words (affix) could help us not only to use the legal terms accurately, but also to provide some references on the formation of new legal words.

Number categories of noun-terms indicate relations between the signified objects and their component parts. Based on the differences between Russian and Chinese in the number categories, we suggest a series of strategies to translate terms from Russian into Chinese to meet different requirements, such as transliteration, amplification, omission, substitution, shift of perspective, division, combination, etc.

Collecting, examining, probating and releasing new items are important work for academic terminology. In recent years, the Astronomical Terminology Committee of Chinese Astronomical Society and China National Committee for Terms in Sciences and Technologies (ATCC) takes full advantages of advanced information technologies in its daily terminology work, including database technologies, mailing list, Wiki, etc. Great achievements and experiences have been obtained. In the paper, some highlights and experiences are introduced and discussed.

Chinese characters formed a system, which controls the subsystem of chemical elements, that is, the selecting, formulating and evolution of characters for chemical elements are controlled by the Chinese character system. At the same time, characters of chemical elements have their own features. Analysis of characters about chemical elements can provide some references on the study of scientific terminology.

The author summarizes previous official articles published in China from 1932-2006 on chemical nomenclature, discusses the uses and changes of related characters, and analyzes the differences between mainland China and Taiwan Province. The author also foresees the future of Chinese character's use in chemical nomenclature.

Some Chinese characters, such as those of carbohydrate, protein and steroid, have been used in academic terms, but now are prohibited. These characters not only possess special academic meaning, but also are very simple and understandable. Moreover, they are still retained in XINHUA ZIDIAN. The author suggests that these Chinese characters should be resumed in academic terms.

Based on the English-Chinese translation of plasma from the perspectives of signifier & signified and the intertextuality of linguistic signs, the authors suggest that the conveyance of original signified should be the priority. Considering the transference of the original signifier, we propose that the potential of derivation and acceptability of the after-translated terms in the target language should be taken into consideration. Moreover, the intertextuality of linguistic signs whose negative effects should be avoided.

Intercultural communication, as a relatively new subject introduced to China no more than 20 years, has been going through “localization” in its studies as well as translations. However, the inconsistent conceptual translation has been confusing Chinese readers for years. It seems that the lack of agreement on the exact translation will continue to haunt many scholars in applying and spreading the translated terms. Based on the analysis of the definitions of 4 academic terms and of the subtle differences of Chinese words, the author offers the Chinese equivalents so as to increase the awareness of the standardization of the terminology in Chinese intercultural communication filed.

Terminologies are the main carrier of information in science and technology, and also the key to scientific translation. Based on the author's research and experience, this paper examines some problems in translation of the textile terms. The author points out that compilers of textile dictionaries should check the Chinese technical terms, the textile industry standards, the Chinese keywords lists and some other authority books, and try to find the best expression. Moreover, accumulating of general knowledge is also necessary for dictionary compilers.

Based on the symptomatic description in the database of the clinical records in the past dynasties, we summarized the conceptive phrases, descriptive phrases and derivative phrases according to the nomenclature principle, phrase categories in semiology lexicology and works of Chinese medicine. Our results may provide a proposal for the standardization of symptomatic nomenclature for Chinese medicine.