This paper overviews the definition, major approaches and the evaluation metrics of the ATE task. For the traditional approaches, we mainly elaborate the measurement of the Unithood and Termhood, using pointwise mutual information, t-value, ti-idf weighting and C/NC-value as examples. For Automatic Term Labelling, we mainly present the sequence labelling modelling. We think the performance of Automatic Term Extraction/Labelling is still not satisfactory from a point of view of real application, and try to offer a few directions of further improvements.

Bilingual terminologies are essential resources in natural language processing, which are of great significance for many multilingual applications such as cross-lingual information retrieval and machine translation. Bilingual terminology pairs are usually obtained by either human translation or automatic extraction from a bilingual parallel corpus. However, human translation requires professional knowledge and is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Besides, it is not easy to have a large bilingual parallel corpus in a specific domain. But the monolingual terminology banks of various languages in the same domain are relatively easy to obtain. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel method to extract bilingual terminology pairs by automatically aligning terms from monolingual terminology banks of two languages. Firstly, multiple online machine translation engines are adopted to generate the target pseudo terminology through a voting mechanism. Secondly, the target pseudo terminology is used to retrieve from the target terminology bank to obtain the candidate set of target terminologies. Finally, a mBERT-based semantic matching model is used to re-rank the candidate set and obtain the final bilingual terminology pair. Experimental results of Chinese-English bilingual terminology alignment on three domains, including computer science, civil engineering, and medicine, show that our proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy of bilingual terminology extraction.

Based on the analysis on the linguistic features of Turkish military terminologies, we proposed a terminology extraction method using combination of rules and statistics algorithm, and experimentally verified this method on monolingual W-data and N-data. The candidate items in the monolingual text are filtered through keywords, stop words, morphological analysis sequence pattern, pointwise mutual information, left and right information entropy and adjacency suffixes. Our results show that the proposed method can effectively extract Turkish military terminologies from the experimental data.

Network Informal Language Expression (NILE) has the characteristics of novelty, unconventionality and colloquialism,which poses a challenge to many natural language processing tasks. In the process of using online language for communication, some NILEs are gradually standardized and normalized, forming a crucial part of the NILE terminology. By collecting, processing and analyzing more than 460 000 tweets, we divide English NILEs into 13 categories from the perspectives of sound, form and sense, and further analyzed their characteristics. Taking the advantage of statistic-based approach and rule-based approach, we design an automatic English NILE recognition system based on the integration of statistical techniques and linguistic rules, and thereupon build a terminology database of 7000 NILE items.

The rapid development of natural language processing technology has made terminology extraction software (TES) an indispensable resource in translation, education, and linguistics, and there are more and more types of software that can provide users with different functions. However, how to choose an appropriate software has become an urgent problem. Referring to ISO/IEC 25010: 2011 and GB/T 2500.10—2016 standards, this study selects five aspects related to the characteristics of TES, such as functional suitability, compatibility, performance efficiency, usability, and information security, analyzes the dynamic evaluation framework of TES, and proposes recommendations and application cases for the framework to provide a scientific basis for users to choose an appropriate TES.

Taking the two constituent elements of “Like”and “Dislike”in geological terms, this paper discusses the“image”of terms naming and Chinese translation. And combining with the statistical analysis of relevant texts in Chinese Terms in Geology, we attempt to put forward three ways to promote the image of terms—description, personification and metaphor. We also summarize the current terminology naming principles, and consider that “image”is of great significance to the terminology system, especially the Chinese terminology system, which should become one of the naming principles. We think that these principles should be referred to in the order from micro to macro.

This study demonstrates statistics on references to ISO 5127 terms in the current ISO/TC 46 technical standards, presents the logic sequence of the concept system of ISO 5127, demonstrates the necessity and possibility of terminology management in ISO/TC 46, and proposes some suggestions to perform terminology management in the field of ISO/TC 46.

The accurate translation of legal term is the foundation of translating The Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China. This article examines the English translation of the concept of civil right, title/ownership, and right of personality/right of personhood in The Civil Code. For the purpose to improve legal translation and facilitating the translation project of The Civil Code and its relevant research, this article offers some advice and new principles about the above-mentioned terms.

The basic idea of traditional terminology is “concept prior to its designation”. Terminology work has the characteristics of prescriptiveness and synchronicity and its main task is to carry out human intervention on terminology, so as to achieve the standardization of terminology. With the development of terminology, terminologists disapprove of the argument of “starting from concepts” and criticize terminology standardization. Instead, they studied terms from the perspectives of culture, communication and cognition. The problems encountered in terminology standardization mainly involve the requirement of monosemy for terms and the standardization of terms in fields of humanities and social sciences. Terminology of traditional Chinese medicine is distinctively humanistic. Solving the problems with monosemy and standardization of terms of humanities and social sciences is helpful for the terminology standardization of traditional Chinese medicine.

Based on CNKI database and CiteSpace visual bibliometrics software, we made a visual analysis of 1608 articles on terminology translation research in Chinese journals in recent 20 years, with an aim to figure out research highlights of terminology translation studies, main research fields, main researchers and institutions as well as their cooperation relationship, so as to reveal the emerging trend of term translation studies in China. Through the discussion of the knowledge maps, we found that there were four research focuses, namely, term translation standardization and normalization, genre research, translation path research and translation-oriented terminology management. To serve the national language strategies, we hope the establishment of international discourse system, research on education, history of translation and cooperative research will be further studied.

China National Committee for Terminology in Science and Technology examines and publishes terms based on discipline unit. At present, there is an urgent need for a discipline catalogue which is scientific, reasonable, operational, easy to be accepted by experts in the humanities and social sciences terminology work. This paper introduces and analyzes the current five discipline catalogues, and compares the discipline in actual terminology work with two of them. On the basis of Classification and Code of Disciplines, and combined with Subject Catalogue of Degree Awarding and Talent Training and the actual terminology work, the discipline catalogue of terminology work in humanities and social sciences is constructed.

Terminology translation methods constitute an important component of terminology translation research, but there are controversies about such basic issues as what methods are available in terminology translation, how literal translation is defined in relation to liberal translation, and whether terminology translation is done through seeking the existing target language term as equivalent or renaming the concept in the target language. In this paper we examined the nature of terminology translation on the basis of the semasiological approach and basic concepts of the General Terminology Theory, deduced and discussed the basic methods for terminology translation accordingly. The purpose is to create coherence for, and resolve the controversies in, the classification, formulation and application of terminology translation methods.

From the perspective of problem awareness, this paper conducted an in-depth terminology analysis on machine translation and manual translation by training vector space model. Three experiments were performed by the means of training the vector space model to compare the results of machine translation. These experiments demonstrate the similarity between machine translation and manual translation is 0.403. Integrated with computer technology, linguistics and translation, this paper focuses on the semantic similarity between machine translation and manual translation that aims to blaze a new way for results evaluation of machine translation.

Based on the 409 metaphorical Winter Olympics sports terms of the Winter Olympics terminology platform V3 of Beijing Winter Olympics Organizing Committee, this paper made a cognitive analysis of the metaphorical Winter Olympics Sports terminology, and constructed its cognitive map based on metaphor mapping as the cognitive starting point, image schema as the cognitive model and concept integration as the cognitive process. Based on this map, quantitative and qualitative research was conducted on the English-Chinese cross lingual cognitive realization paths of metaphorical Winter Olympics sports terms under three metaphorical cross lingual ways: mapping matched of metaphorical concept domain, mapping transfer of metaphorical concept domain and mapping lacked of metaphorical concept domain. Moreover, we analyzed the translation methods for terms of literal translation or transliteration, loan translation and descriptive translation corresponding to the three cross lingual cognitive realization paths. This paper provides some reference for the translation of metaphorical Winter Olympics sports terms and Winter Olympics language service.

Olympic Winter Games Term Portal V3, specifically created for 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, encompasses all the sports events, including 132,000 entries, among which there are about 7,100 basic terms that are presented in 8 languages. Several hundred curling terms have been recorded therein. The author finds after frequent use of the portal that there is room for improvement as regards the coverage and translation of curling terms. Through collecting various curling glossaries and a wordlist culled from a database of news articles covering curling, the author created a relatively complete glossary of curling terms which are then classified and analyzed from several angles. Then the deficiencies as regards the coverage and translation of such terms are pointed out in the hope that the quality of the portal will be improved and its role in standardization be enhanced.

The composition of Russian terms related to COVID-19 follows rules of modern Russian word formation, and reflects the characteristics consistent with the expression of international common terms as well. The designation of COVID-19 increases the vocabulary, and the discussion on the cause, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the disease remains or reorganizes the existing vocabulary. Under the framework of which morphological composition, semantic composition and syntactic composition are the three basic word formation methods, a large number of related terms are used in abbreviation, compounding, affixes, metaphor, borrowing, as well as the mixed use of English and Russian term expression. The differences between Russian and Chinese terminology are mainly reflected in polysemy, part-of-speech conversion and tautology. Understanding the differences between Russian and Chinese terminology will promote the effective dissemination of textual information, ensuring the accuracy and standardization of Russian-Chinese mutual translation.

By using a linguistic corpus of over 560 thousand words which is processed by softwares including AntConc 3.5.8, we constructed a 469-word Linguistic Academic Word List (LAWL) and a 338-word Linguistic Terminological Word List (LTWL). LAWL, constructed by excluding General Service List (GSL) and Academic Word List (AWL), is discipline-specific and overlaps substantially with LTWL. LTWL does not have to exclude GSL or AWL and thus consequently comprises 73 words coming from GSL and AWL besides 265 words shared with LAWL.

Based on the analysis of terms in the professional text «Ледовая ходкость судов», we attempted to create a Russian-Chinese bilingual term-base on the subject of sea ice. The formal and semantic characteristics of terms in specific usage, term extraction principles and term translation processing methods were mainly analyzed with the aim to design the knowledge structure of term entries and to explain the scientific cognition and application value of terms in the professional (discipline) field. We hope the results can provide language information and references for academic exchanges of professionals in the field of marine engineering.

Most of the current CAT systems leverage Translation Memory (TM) and Termbase(TB) to enhance efficiency of translation. With respect to TM, due to its limitations in practice, whole sentence repetition often should be complemented by translation termbase, which is more flexible in use. Building a termbase requires the automatic extraction of terms, which demands knowledge of its POS (part of speech) configuration in the specific text typology. With corpus tools, we extracted n-grams of certain length and frequency from Civil Aviation Regulations in the US and examined the POS configuration of those recurrent chunks, followed by a contrast with that of literary texts. The study shows a dominance of NP and PP in recurrent chunks suitable for CAT termbase in those Civil Aviation Regulations, different from the result in literary texts.

On the basis of analyzing the structural forms, basic types and characteristics of motif metaphor formation elements in geographical terms, we summarized the application value and strategy of motif metaphor formation elements in the naming of geographical terms from the perspective of terminology, and discussed the relationship between the visualization of motif metaphor formation elements and the scientific accuracy of geographical term naming, in order to provide certain reference for the naming of subject terms.

Mohism, an essential part in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, spreads Mohist thought to the West and contains many core Mohist terms. As the essence of Mohism, it is necessary to translate core Mohist terms appropriately for the purpose of transmitting Mohism and Mohist thought. Hence, this paper makes a corpus-based study on the translation strategies and methods of those core Mohist terms in Mohism, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. We found that Chris Fraser prefers to adopt domestication translation strategy and diverse translation methods such as literal translation and liberal translation, interspersed with transliteration, characters and synonyms in various forms for different reasons.

The terminology translation of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) is an important cross-linguistic activity to express the ICH knowledge. Although the translation rationale based on the concepts of ICH has been promoting the standardization of translating ICH terms in China, there is a lack of in-depth thoughts on how to clarify the core conceptual elements of ICH terms. From a review of the conceptual motivation, this article proposes a motivation based on the knowledge system of ICH for its translation, namely that ICH knowledge is characterized by three hierarchies, i.e., the material, behavioral and spiritual levels, and terms in different hierarchies have different conceptual characteristics. Through discussions on the knowledge system of Chinese paper-cut terminology and its translation practices, this article also demonstrates that the knowledge motivation can be effectively applied to the translation of ICH terms in guiding translators to clarify the conceptual connotations of the terms and the corresponding translation needs.

Terminology translation of Chinese medicine plays an important role in the process of overseas dissemination of Chinese medicine culture. Based on browser/server architecture and the establishment of database system of terminology of Chinese medicine, we developed an online query system of international standard of Chinese medicine terminology and online query system of comparison of international standards of Chinese medicine terminology (https://zyysy.njucm.edu.cn), which may provide great convenience for the practice of Chinese medicine translation and is conducive to the development of Chinese Medicine translation and overseas dissemination.

Minimum editing distance is a method for comparing the degree of similarity between different symbol strings in a language. This method calculates the number of operations such as deletion, insertion, substitution in transforming between different symbol strings, and can be described algorithmically by a dynamic programming algorithm. In terminology, the minimum editing distance can be used to quantify the term features. In computational linguistics, the minimum editing distance can be used to find potential spelling errors and perform misspelling corrections. In speech recognition, minimum editing distance can be used to calculate the error rate of words. In machine translation, the minimum editing distance can be used for alignment of words in bilingual corpus.

Database Semantics (DBS) models the cycle of natural language communication as a transition from the hear to the think to the speak and back to the hear mode (turn taking). In contradistinction to the substitution-driven sign-based approaches of truth-conditional semantics and phrase structure grammar, DBS is data-driven and agent-based. The purpose is a theory of semantics for an autonomous robot with language. Propositions are content in DBS, instead of denoting truth values (Sects. 1-3). Content is built from the semantic kinds of referent, property, and relation, which are concatenated by the classical semantic relations of structure, i.e. functor-argument and coordination. To enable reference as an agent-internal cognitive process, language and nonlanguage contents use the same computational data structure and operation kinds, and differ mostly in the presence vs. absence of language-dependent surface values. DBS consists of (i) an interface, (ii) a memory, and (iii) an operation component^①.The interface component mediates between the agent’s cognition and its external and internal environment, represented as raw data provided by sensors and activators (Sects. 4-7). The data of the agent’s moment by moment monitoring are stored at the memory’s now front. As part of the on-board control unit, the now front is the location for performing the procedures of the operation component, resulting in content.

Keywords: data structure; data base schema; pattern matching; turn taking; type-token; grounding; sensory and processing media and modalities; reference

In the knowledge-driven study of terminology, scholars have successively put forward a series of conceptual models with regard to knowledge representation of terminology in different specialized fields. However, these studies have not explicitly taken into account the existing definitions and actual usage contexts of terms, nor have they fully explored the cognitive structures and constructions related to terms beyond the conceptual framework. The newly proposed Cognitive Integrated Model (CIM), which is built upon the basis of Frame Semantics and Cognitive Linguistics, is an attempt to supplement such two weaknesses. CIM takes into consideration both the existing professional definitions and actual usage contexts in which the terms are applied, examining not only the Event-Domain Cognitive Model but also conceptual metaphors, metonymies and blending. The use of CIM in analyzing Chinese green tea names demonstrates that the model can effectively enrich the knowledge representation and construction of terms.

Buddhist outlook on technical terms originates from its language outlook, that is, language is illusionary and has no ontological status. From the perspective of Semantic Triangle Theory, there are three types of semantic structures in Buddhist terms, namely, the interactions between signifier and signified, between concept and signifier, and between concept and signified, which are different from worldly linguistics. At any of the points in the triangle, there can be illusions or multiple substitutability. The truthful outlook of Buddhist terminology presents illusions at all points,while partial illusions or multiple substitutability at any level result from Buddhas’ or Bodhisattvas’ accommodations based on the All Life’s status of enlightenment.

The mastery of specific-domain knowledge and the relevant knowledge-discovery methods in translation processes is an indispensable condition for the enhancement of translators’ expertise and translation-service assessment.The multimodal terminological knowledge base (TKD) is a systematic integration of diverse elementary digitalized constituents, representatively corpora, term banks and ontological knowledge bases. Through TKD, effective data analysis mechanism and knowledge discovery mechanism are introduced for translators’ deep leverage of these language resources. As for the methodological part, visualized man-machine interactive channels are embedded to optimize knowledge representation and application, thus the threshold of specific-domain knowledge is lowered as a whole. By the assistance of TKD, translators get an easier access to the linguistic and specific knowledge, including terminological knowledge, collocational knowledge, conceptual knowledge and logical knowledge essentially applied to the translation process.

Based on the classification of book titles in Dunhuang documents, we tend to attach the importance to revealing cultural connotations of various book titles before translation, then discuss the three principles (conventionality-pre-emptiveness, author-pre-emptiveness, and self-pre-emptiveness) to be followed and the strategies (transliteration and literal translation supplemented with various methods of compensation) to be adopted while translation, and offer criteria (accuracy, readability, distinguishability as well as systematicity and uniformity) to assess translation quality of book titles after translation. We think book title translation can facilitate the process of Dunhuang document translation, thus promote international interaction of Dunhuang studies and disseminate Dunhuang culture through translation.

2021 can be seen as the first year of metaverse. The word appears frequently in major newspapers and Internet headlines. At the same time, it also leads to people’s thinking on the translation of the term. Starting from the etymology and meaning of metaverse, and based on comparing the translation equivalence and semantic norms between the original term and the translated one, we propose to translate it into “xushikong(虚时空)” from the aspect of pronunciation, form and meaning as well as from the ethical level, and provide for doing so.

The release of the ICD-11-26 Supplementary Chapter Traditional Medicine Conditions promotes the internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Due to the limited number of the published terms of diseases, the translation of more TCM disease names still has a lot of work to be done. After the general introduction of “standardization principles and methods for English translation of TCM terminology”, we discuss the application of the seven principles in terms of equivalence, semantic identity, systemicness, conciseness, conventional usage, back-translation and preserving cultural features in translating TCM disease names. We also refine the approaches of the principles from the aspects of the standardization of term components, the use of double-method translation, and the relations between TCM and western medicine in the process of translation. Transliteration can be used for the interdisciplinary components in case of polysemy or semantic vacancy in English while double-method can resolve the conflicts between domestication and foreignization in translating TCM terms. Meanwhile, double-method can promote the dissemination of TCM at academic, cultural, and medical technological levels, and meets the needs of the condition of double-method diagnosis in TCM hospitals in China; and meet the needs of TCM entering the medical insurance system of western countries.

Our purpose is to investigate and compare the effect of ICD-11 and ICD-10 disease encoding system, and further investigate the coding effect of ICD-11 and ICD-10 on terms related to diagnosis of diseases with Chinese characteristics in Local Disease Terms and Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) Terms. Compared with ICD-11, ICD-10 has better encoding effect on real world clinical diagnosis, and has a higher level of localization. However, ICD-11 has better performance in the encoding of TCM related disease diagnosis and cancer. The continuous development of Chinese based ICD-11 would be an important basis for the implementation of ICD-11 in practical clinical application. In addition, the new encoding strategy and organization form of ICD-11 provide potential for the enrichment of traditional medicine and the simplification of encoding for cancer.

This article researches the adoption status of the English terms from the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (short as the SOLAS Convention) in Termonline (running by China National Committee for Terminology in Science and Technology). The research shows that only 45.2% of the English terms in SOLAS Convention are used in Termonline, and the status of the access to the terms in international maritime conventions is required to be improved for Termonline. The research offers a reference for similar studies in respect to other international maritime conventions.

An accurate, complete and systematic conceptual system is an important foundation for good development of discipline. For a long time, there have been some problems in the discipline of architecture, such as unclear basic categories, unclear core concepts, vague concept definitions, unclear concept relations, unsystematic concepts, chaotic concept use and so on, which not only affect the further development of the discipline, refined research and reference with other disciplines, but also bring many troubles to the majority of architectural educators and learners. By using clustering thinking, we summarize the most essential, important, stable and common concepts of the ontology category of architecture discipline, and analyze, compare and classify the concepts according to the logic of “architectural ontology elements, architectural influence elements and architectural constituent elements”, so as to form a more systematic concept and terminology system. Through construction of the concept system, we aim to strengthen the accuracy and standardization of the use of concepts in the discipline of architecture, improve the scientificity and preciseness of the theoretical knowledge of the discipline, and form an overall clear understanding of the architecture discipline, thus further promote the discipline to be mature, systematic and scientific.

Standardization of terms and internationalization of relevant standards have become an important foundation for China’s high-speed railway “going global”. This paper expounds the contents and methods of the construction of multilingual high-speed railway termbase from the perspective of conceptual system, including term collection, extraction, translation and review, termbase construction, maintenance and management. The termbase completed could be applied to the various fields such as translation practice related to high-speed railway, compilation of high-speed railway term dictionary and teaching of BTI and MTI. The termbase can promote the standardization, specification and unification of terms, and will be conducive to the enhancement of China’s high-speed rail’s international competition advantages, enabling China’s high-speed rail products, technologies and services to “go global” indeed, which demonstrates China’s intelligent manufacturing and cultural confidence and improves China’s international influence.

Russian cognitive terminology is closely related to linguistics, psychology, logic, science of sciences, and information science and technology. Terminologists believe the emergence of cognitive terminology benefits from Russia’s unique linguistic soil, cognitive terminology has followed the research paradigm of Russian cognitive linguistics since its inception. Under the new research paradigm, the research of Russian cognitive terminology mainly follows the principles of expansionism, human centrism, neofunctionalism and hermeneutics. Expansionism advocates examining terminology research from an interdisciplinary perspective, and advocates the integration of different disciplines, that is, insisting that terminology research should adhere to the concept of multi-disciplinary. Russian cognitive terminology presents a trend of interdisciplinary development, injects fresh blood into the development of psychology, logic, science of sciences, computer science, philosophy and linguistics. This paradigm advocates studying the cognitive, communicative, ethnic, and cultural attributes of terms.

Military terminology is an emerging discipline which studies the structure, formation, characteristic and role of military terms as well as their compilation, management, application and development law. The discipline has experienced a long process of brewing, accumulation, exploration and “breaking through the soil”, which could be divided into three development periods: the germination period of ancient military terminology thought, the embryonic period of modern military terminology thought, and the forming period of contemporary military terminology. Military terminology discipline will be gradually perfected with the military building in the new era, especially with the in-depth development of military science research, and will stand on its own in the discipline forest of military science and terminology.

This paper aims to explore the problem of motivation construction in the translation of scientific and technological terms. Based on the difference of the relationship between form and meaning association, terms are divided into direct motivation terms, indirect motivation terms and terms with no motivations. In view of the different categories of terms, this paper argues that translators should adhere to the principle of justification of translation, combine the cognitive habits of the target language readers on the basis of grasping the motivation of the source language terms, and comprehensively use the strategies of literal translation, additional translation, retention of part of the metaphor, discarding and replacement to enhance the motivation of the translated technological terms.

The SSE 50ETF (Shanghai Stock Exchange 50 ETF) option has enriched the hedging mechanism of market transactions and expanded the field of financial derivatives terminology research. This paper conducts computational study based on transaction data for option trading terms: in-the-money option, at-the-money option, out-of-the-money option and Fibonacci option sequence. Through real-time tracking of options trading data over seven years, we have established an options trading terminology database and conducted data-based research on relevant terms and calculations in options trading using computational terminology methods. We found that: (1) The Fibonacci sequence is a very important trading terminology, and the golden section theory of Fibonacci is suitable for index fluctuations and calculation related to options trading; (2) The option standard contracts of the SSE 50ETF are related to standardization of option trading terminology. The option trading is not an isolated market transaction, and is subject to the impact of related important indexes, such as the Singapore A50 Index; (3) The terminology system of the 50ETF options is open. The Singapore A50 Index has a forward-looking effect on the SSE 50 Index; the SSE 50 Index is used, as the tracking target of the SSE 50ETF, to determine the fluctuation trend of the SSE 50ETF; the SSE 50ETF works as the tracking target of option standard contracts and affects the fluctuation trend of specific transactions of option standard contracts; (4) The core of trading terminology of the 50ETF option is the leveraged volatility; the calculated assignment of the term Delta represents the high leverage characteristic, and the expansion of value domain can easily lead to the deviation of the golden section of the Fibonacci sequence. We concluded that the research on 50ETF options trading terminology is a data-driven research; statistical computational linguistics methods can assign value to option terms and effectively assist option trading; computational terminology research on options will facilitate the development of data-driven terminology.

Based on the terminology analysis of professional texts, we discussed the compositional characteristics of Russian sea ice-related terms and their scientific cognitive functions in professional texts. Mainly centered on the three aspects of image rationality, category rationality and species relationship of concept genus, the naming process of scientific concepts in specific subject areas was understood through the analysis of specific sea ice terms, the use of terms to record knowledge was explained, and new knowledge and the function of disseminating knowledge was discovered. Thus the actual situation of use of terminology in specific subject areas and the development level of subject theory was further understood.