中国科技术语 ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (2): 39-46.doi: 10.12339/j.issn.1673-8578.2022.02.006

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新冠肺炎相关俄语术语构成及翻译

陈晓棠()   

  1. 哈尔滨医科大学人文社会科学学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150081
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-10 修回日期:2021-11-28 出版日期:2022-04-05 发布日期:2022-03-31
  • 作者简介:陈晓棠(1972—),女,博士,哈尔滨医科大学人文社会科学学院副教授,俄罗斯圣彼得堡国立大学访问学者(2019)。主要从事俄语医学术语翻译与词典编纂研究。主持俄语医学社会学术语和文本翻译、俄汉医学词典编纂、医学俄语语料库建设等课题4项,参编俄汉、汉俄医学词典2部,参编医学俄语教材1部,发表论文20余篇。通信方式: chenxt@hrbmu.edu.cn

Composition and Translation of Russian Terms Related to COVID-19

CHEN Xiaotang()   

  • Received:2021-09-10 Revised:2021-11-28 Online:2022-04-05 Published:2022-03-31

摘要:

新冠肺炎相关俄语术语构成,既遵循现代俄语构词规律,又体现出与国际通行术语表达相一致的特点。对新冠肺炎的命名产生了新词汇,而围绕疾病病因、诊断、治疗、预防等问题的探讨,则沿用或重组了既有术语词汇。在形态构成、语义构成和句法构成三种基本构词方式框架下,相关术语构词大量采用缩略法、复合法、词缀法、隐喻法和借用法,以及英俄语混合使用的术语表达方法。俄汉术语表述存在差异,主要体现在词义筛选、词类转换和同义反复等方面。了解俄汉术语表述差异,有助于推动文本信息的有效传播,保障俄汉双向翻译的准确性和规范性。

关键词: 新冠肺炎, 俄语医学术语, 术语构成, 俄汉双向翻译

Abstract:

The composition of Russian terms related to COVID-19 follows rules of modern Russian word formation, and reflects the characteristics consistent with the expression of international common terms as well. The designation of COVID-19 increases the vocabulary, and the discussion on the cause, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the disease remains or reorganizes the existing vocabulary. Under the framework of which morphological composition, semantic composition and syntactic composition are the three basic word formation methods, a large number of related terms are used in abbreviation, compounding, affixes, metaphor, borrowing, as well as the mixed use of English and Russian term expression. The differences between Russian and Chinese terminology are mainly reflected in polysemy, part-of-speech conversion and tautology. Understanding the differences between Russian and Chinese terminology will promote the effective dissemination of textual information, ensuring the accuracy and standardization of Russian-Chinese mutual translation.

Key words: COVID-19, Russian medical terms, composition of terms, Russian-Chinese mutual translation

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